tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58024444112279894592024-03-07T19:43:02.678-08:00Graduate school admission essayFact Or Value Speech Topicsalfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-20716373381125121952020-08-24T19:23:00.001-07:002020-08-24T19:23:05.053-07:00Race and Female Body Image essaysRace and Female Body Image expositions The theme that we decided to look into was race and female self-perception. We just inquired about African American ladies and Caucasian ladies since we needed to see the complexity of the two. One of our speculations was that there would be a distinction in the manner ladies of various races apparent our bodies. Further, we speculated that African American ladies would have a more inspirational attitude toward self-perception than Caucasian ladies. Another speculation was that African American ladies that grew up with companions of a similar ethnicity would have a progressively positive self-perception. Additionally, African American ladies that grew up with friends of an alternate ethnicity were anticipated to have a progressively negative attitude toward self-perception. The principal part of self-perception we tried was the means by which frequently our respondents pondered their weight. Of the 60 respondents, in the wake of running a crosstabulation among race and how frequently ladies pondered their weight, 36.7 percent of them considered their weight regularly and 36.7 percent of them contemplated their weight now and again. The larger part, 73.4 percent, were in these two classes (once in a while and regularly). When separating the segment of race between the ladies, there was a distinction in how frequently each race considered their weight. 20 percent of the African American ladies announced that they considered their weight for all intents and purposes never, 40 percent detailed they pondered their weight now and again, and 25.7 percent said they contemplated their weight regularly. With the Caucasian ladies, there were zero reports that they contemplated their weight for all intents and purposes never with 32 percent announcing they consider their weight once in a while and the dominant part, 52 percent revealing they consider their weight frequently (table 1.2). What these rates let us know is that there are less Caucasian ladies that think about their weight essentially never and more that think about their weight frequently than those detailed by the African American women.... <! alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-15881126182555975862020-08-22T02:01:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:01:22.464-07:00Factors Declining Profit of Coles in Australia-Free-SamplesQuestion: Break down the variables liable for declining benefit of Coles in Australia. Answer: Issue Statement The retail business is Australia is blasting and there is exceptional rivalry among the organizations in the market. Coles is one such grocery store retail organization catching enormous offer in the market. Be that as it may, in the ongoing years, the benefits of the association have been declining and have neglected to keep up their force because of the savage rivalry from Woolworths and ALDI (Nakos, 2017). These two organizations are the greatest opponents of Coles and have had the option to expand their development and offer in the market. This examination is centered around distinguishing the different reasons which are liable for the decrease in hierarchical development, deals and piece of the pie. The association has been putting forth attempts to change the association regarding administration, quality and worth. Nonetheless, the association has not been effective in their endeavors which are reflected in their hierarchical development, deals and other monetary information. The fast development approach utilized by the rivals in the market is something which Coles couldn't counter that considers their money related year. The online retail industry is likewise expected to develop at a pace of 12.4% in the up and coming five years so this is a vital period for the association as they can skip back and recover their upper hand in the market (Chung, 2017). Point and target The examination will mean to recognize the various variables liable for the declining benefits of Coles Supermarket. The various elements liable for association execution will be recognized to give important discoveries. To recognize the various variables liable for declining benefits of the association named Coles Supermarket To assess these elements to distinguish the underlying driver of these issues looked by Coles To prescribe reasonable methodologies required to improve the benefits, development and piece of the overall industry of Coles Research questions What are the various variables liable for declining benefits of the association named Coles Supermarket? What is the main drivers for the declining benefit of Coles Supermarket in Australia? System This investigation will utilize an illustrative research where the examination will investigate distinctive research writing. The procedure for the examination is picked dependent on the idea of the investigation. Research theory manages giving mindfulness about the various strategies in the investigation. The examination theory that will be utilized is interpretivism (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). Interpretivism is a way of thinking which will investigate important information to create significant speculations which might be material to the examination. Along these lines, subjectivism is the premise of the exploration and is reliant on utilizing auxiliary information for look into. In this manner, the investigation will utilize inductive methodology where the examination will expect to grow new speculations and speculations dependent on the obtained information. The investigation will utilize non-probabilistic inspecting technique for gathering information as the informational col lection is little (Flick, 2015). The dependability and the legitimacy of the examination should be kept high and in this manner, the outcomes will be cross checked utilizing other material sources. It is fundamental to keep up the moral part of the examination in this setting by utilizing just applicable articles (Ikpeze, 2015). The information that will be utilized ought not be controlled to shape wanted discoveries and ends. Information assortment and examination In this investigation, optional information will be gathered from various companion audit diaries, articles and sites. The investigation will utilize mono technique and topical examination is the premise of creating significant discoveries (Humphries, 2017). In topical investigation, the examination will break down comparative cases to recognize careful purposes behind the reason for decline in net revenue. Besides, the examples inside the information gathered will likewise be dissected to create pertinent discoveries in the investigation (Palinkas et al., 2015). The examination will likewise incorporate quantitative information gathered from the yearly report of Coles. The information gathered from the yearly report of Coles will give an alternate measurement to the examination. References Chung, F. (2017).Coles kept on executing its client drove strategy.NewsComAu. Recovered 28 March 2018, from https://www.news.com.au/account/business/retail/coles-benefit falls-135-percent-to-16-billion/report/3ab5ec55c22f92f7829b86ed8e18e6ba Flick, U. (2015).Introducing examination strategy: A learner's manual for doing an exploration venture. Sage. Humphries, B. (2017).Re-thinking social research: against unfair methodologies in look into approach. Taylor Francis. Ikpeze, C. H. (2015). Information Collection and Analysis. InTeaching across Cultures(pp. 29-37). SensePublishers, Rotterdam. Nakos, N. (2017).Coles piece of the overall industry in Australia has declined | Australian Food News.Ausfoodnews.com.au. Recovered 28 March 2018, from https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2017/10/18/coles-piece of the overall industry in-australia-has-declined.html Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., Hoagwood, K. (2015). Deliberate testing for subjective information assortment and examination in blended technique execution research.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,42(5), 533-544. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to subjective research strategies: A manual and asset. John Wiley Sons. alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-9835790699798953422020-07-23T17:30:00.001-07:002020-07-23T17:30:02.938-07:00Literary Tourism in St. Louis, MOLiterary Tourism in St. Louis, MO I grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, so Im very excited to share this literary tourism post of my very own hometown! Maybe you know it for the Gateway Arch, but St. Louis is full of great arts, culture, museums, and of course, literature. This guide explores a brand new literary arts center, indie bookstores, famous writers who spent time in STL, a gorgeous public library that has been serving the city for over 100 years, and more. The High Low Located in the Grand Center Arts District, The High Low is a brand new literary arts center opening soon in St. Louis. It will feature a progressive library, a cafe and writers workspace, a literary artsâ"focused gallery and a literary artsâ"focused performance space, a writerâs suite for the centerâs Writer-in-Residence program, and eight turnkey offices designed for fledgling arts organizations. Left Bank Books Left Bank Books, located in the Central West End, celebrated 50 years in St. Louis in 2019â"it was opened by a group of Washington University graduate students in 1969. It is both the oldest and largest independently owned bookstore in St. Louis. The store offers both new and used books, as well as over 300 events a year and seven book clubs. View this post on Instagram Just a reminder, bookstores are a cozy place to be on a surprisingly snowy day ?? ?? A post shared by Left Bank Books (@leftbankbooks) on Nov 11, 2019 at 9:00am PST Subterranean Books Subterranean Books opened on the Delmar Loop in 2000, and they are an independent bookstore (new books only) with a large focus on typical favorite categories: fiction, essay, poetry, memoir, cultural studies, and more. This bookstore is the true definition of an indie. Today it is woman-owned, with a small staff of six people, plus one very good boy bookstore dog named Teddy. View this post on Instagram A huge thank you to everyone that came out yesterday! Not only visiting us, but all the small businesses that make our community thrive! Such a festive time was had! A special thank you to Matt Freeman who shared his music with us even in the drizzly foggy weather, and @urbanchestnut for providing their top-notch sudsy libations! Our hearts are full! ?? #thankyou #loveyourlocal #smallbusinesssaturday #indiesfirst #booksbooksbooks #holidaysarehere #stlouisstrong A post shared by Subterranean Books (@subbooks) on Dec 1, 2019 at 9:19am PST St. Louis Walk of Fame While visiting the Delmar Loop, be sure to check out the St. Louis Walk of Fame, which honors 150+ people who made great cultural contributions and were either born in the Greater St. Louis area or spent their formative or creative years there. Literary stars include: T.S. Eliot, Maya Angelou, Kate Chopin, William Burroughs, Martha Gelhourn, Joseph Pulitzer, and William Inge. View this post on Instagram yet another adorable pooch, @louie.the.mini.goldendoodle has hit our streets! summer is a perfect time to hit The Loop with your bestie whether that is a human or a furry friend! . . #delmarloop #stlouis #supportlocal #citystreets #sunnyday #summerintheloop #dogwalking #goldendoodle A post shared by The Delmar Loop (@delmarloop) on Jul 16, 2019 at 7:10pm PDT Dunaway Books Located in South Grand, Dunaway Books is an independently owned bookstore specializing in rare, used, and out-of-print books. This place is a must visit for antiquarians and first edition collectors. View this post on Instagram We recently acquired a collection of Easton Press editions including novels, plays, poetry, and presidential biographies. These are previously owned copies in beautiful condition. Visit us in the store to check out the full selection! #dunaway #dunawaybooks #books #usedbooks #bookstagram #bookish #bookstore #independentbookstore #indiebookstore #usedbookstore #shoplocal #shopsmall A post shared by Dunaway Books (@dunawaybooks) on Nov 3, 2019 at 9:05am PST MoKaBeâs Coffeehouse Located in Tower Grove, MoKaBeâs Coffeehouse is an incredible queer-owned coffeehouse serving breakfast, lunch, dinner, Sunday brunch, and dessert! They make the literary tourism list for hosting literary events, such as Queer Writes Now and activism letter writing parties. St. Louis Central Library The St. Louis Central Public Library is breathtaking. The main hall, which was originally built in 1912, features stained glass windows, renaissance ceilings, and gorgeous marble floors. After serving the city of St. Louis for 100 years, the library underwent a massive renovation in 2012 and reopened more beautiful than ever, now offering regularly scheduled guided architectural tours. In addition to serving the community with books, technology and resources, the library also provides author events, writing workshops, and other community-driven events multiple times per week. View this post on Instagram Take a tour of Central Library! Free tours are offered on Mondays and Saturdays. Or download our free audio tour app, and tour the amazing space on your own! A post shared by St. Louis Public Library (@stlouispubliclibrary) on Nov 19, 2019 at 7:21am PST Next time youre in St. Louis, I hope youll give some of these lovely literary stops a try. And for more literary tourism posts, check out the archive on Book Riot. alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-10643771068995845722020-05-22T04:53:00.001-07:002020-05-22T04:53:08.219-07:00The Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Gilman - 1518 Words The late nineteenth century was a progressive era filled with enthusiastic ideas for a brighter and diverse future. Also, it was a tremendous change in Literature showing more tendencies toward liberty and realism. Literature was a privilege mostly representing a manââ¬â¢s world with virile words, thoughts and manly conclusions. A few womenââ¬â¢s names appeared in iteracy showing a steady determination to raise their voices against menââ¬â¢s dominancy. Charlotte (Anna) Perkins (Stetson) Gilman is certainly the most noticeable name in American Literature in late nineteenth century. In her remarkable writing, she uses symbolisms as a dominant instrument for fighting inequality and oppression in menââ¬â¢s world. The Yellow Wall-Paper as her most celebrated and intrigue piece of work, represents a spectrum of symbols that address the general concerns about a womanââ¬â¢s role in the nineteenth century society, particularly within the realms of marriage, maternity and domestic life. In this short story, Charlotte Gilman wisely and pragmatically tries to raise a voice against patriarchy and menââ¬â¢s dominancy. Moreover, she pointed at inadequate and unhuman medical treatments for women, particularly for those with mental issues. It has been noted in Critical Essays on Charlotte Perkins Gilman: ââ¬Å"Ironically, Gilmanââ¬â¢s narrator ultimately proves the dangerous consequences of her Rest Cure by remaining entrapped within the sanctity of the home. Gilman concludes that had she herself followed Mitchellââ¬â¢sShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Gilman1463 Words à |à 6 Pagesinferior being and is treated accordingly. They are perceived as lacking essential character istics possessed by the group. For an example, Charlotte Gilmanââ¬â¢s short story ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⬠portrays a woman narrator as being the Other. The gender division, an important component of the late nineteenth-century society, is exemplified in ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⬠much more significantly than in the typical ââ¬Å"Americanâ⬠literary work. It attempts to shed light on the fierce alter egos and divided selvesRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Gilman1139 Words à |à 5 PagesThe story ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⬠written by Charlotte Gilman .It brings to light how much the narrator hates wallpaper and is a significant symbol portrayal of awful state. The yellow wallpaper can have a representation of many conditions and ideas, among them, the mental state of the narrator. The paper is going to survey what the yellow wallpaper represents and notice how it is being depicted over the progression of the story. In addition, it w ill be explored why the yellow paper is likened toRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman873 Words à |à 4 PagesEarly Feminist Writing In the short story The Yellow Wall-Paper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman reflects on the social inequalities and injustices held against women in the late 1800ââ¬â¢s. Gilman gives light to a very common practice of doctors diagnosing women with ââ¬Å"nervousâ⬠conditions and essentially telling them to not do anything that doesnââ¬â¢t involve the domestic duties of women. The story gives insight on how women would have felt from the despotism that men of the time were showing towards them, thisRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman985 Words à |à 4 Pages There are two similar stories that describe two particular women in a psychological condition one of the stories is called ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⬠, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilmanââ¬â¢s and the other written by William Faulkner named ââ¬Å"A Rose for Emilyâ⬠. Both authors mention how both Jane (Yellow Wall-Paper) and Miss Emily (A Rose for Emily)are being oppressed by their husbands because the typical tradition forces their wifeââ¬â¢s to stay home while they go to work. In the early eighteen and nineteenRead MoreYellow Wall Paper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman853 Words à |à 3 Pagesbeen perceived equally. In many places women are considered as a second citizen. Although inequality among men and women has decreased tremendously in our society, itââ¬â¢s still an issue in some part of the world. The short story ââ¬Å"Yellow wall paperâ⬠by Charlotte Perkins Gilman reveals gender inequality. It narrates about a newly married woman who is trying t o get away from a trap that is restricting her freedom. Throughout the book the narrator is suffering within herself but she has a hard time figuringRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1471 Words à |à 6 Pageshusband and family. This obedience that the speaker has for her husband, John, in Charlotte Perkins Gilmanââ¬â¢s short story ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⬠undermined the womanââ¬â¢s mental health, refusing her the ability to express and speak for herself. The speakerââ¬â¢s diagnosis and treatment of her ââ¬Å"nervous conditionâ⬠was completely in her husbandââ¬â¢s control, taking away her independence as a person. It becomes clear that Gilman is writing this short story as a response to the patriarchal structure of the societyRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman951 Words à |à 4 PagesThe unnamed narrator, who is never fully introduced, narrates the story of ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⬠, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, in the form of a diary/journal. Confined in a mansion to treat her mental illness of depression the narrator becomes obsessed with the ugly yellow wallpaper that covers the walls of her room. Ultimately, I presume that the wallpaper itself represents her relationship that she has with her husband, while the women behind the wallpaper represents herself; which goRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1353 Words à |à 6 Pages In Charlotte Perkins Gilmanââ¬â¢s story, ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper,â⬠which is set in the 19th century, the narrator suffers from what is now identified as Postpartum depression, after the birth of her child. The narratorââ¬â¢s husband, John, who is a doctor, suggest that she gets some rest, and places her in a nursery with walls that contain yellow wallpaper. Over the course of the story, the narratorââ¬â¢s condition progresses and she begins to develop paranoia about a woman who is trapped in the yellow wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman819 Words à |à 4 Pages In the short story ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-Paperâ⬠the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman displays the central idea that no one can really know how it feels to be trapped in a way, but it can quickly happen to anyone. The story would be seen through a first person narrator point of view through the narrator whose name is never actually stated in the story other than in a quote at the end of the story where she says ââ¬Å" Iââ¬â¢ve got out at last despite you and Janeâ⬠, it is believed that Jane is the narrator. Janeââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1107 Words à |à 5 PagesIn January of 1892, author Charlotte Perkins Gilman published her short story, ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wall-paperâ⬠in The New England Magazine. Gilmanââ¬â¢s work illustrates the public perception of womanââ¬â¢s health in the 19th century and is considered to be an important part of early American feminist literature. During the 19th century, women were confined t o the idea of the ââ¬Å"idealâ⬠woman and the ââ¬Å"domestic sphere.â⬠According to Barbara Welter, in her 1966 paper entitled ââ¬Å"The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820-1860,â⬠alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-50001438619765512242020-05-07T00:21:00.001-07:002020-05-07T00:21:31.593-07:00Reflection On My Experience At My Bike - 1656 Words Reflection In class the question was posed to us, ââ¬Å"What is the last thing you learned because you wanted to?â⬠We were led into thinking about the amount of time invested, the resourceââ¬â¢s used and if what we put our effort into learning, was hard. I was thinking about learning to ride my bike, it was something I was motivated to do, I remember waking up on Christmas morning and seeing for the first time my white two- wheeled bicycle with training wheels, I immediately hopped on it right there in front of the Christmas tree. Well it was taller than my little three wheeler, the seat far from the ground, and excitingly different. Iââ¬â¢m thinking now about the opportunity given to me for that inner urge to ride, my Mother had provided the bike to me as a gift. I was subjected to the experience from an outside source. The intrinsic motivation I found within myself to try something exciting, and new, the feeling of growing up and using a big kid bike. I honestly can re member the drastic difference that tall very new and different transporter was from my three wheeled bike. It felt a small amount of fear because of the bikes height, and I had to learn the new ways to control it, yet the opportunity presented itself and that sparked my interest and drive. When it comes to motivation in the classroom and directing young children, opportunity and classroom structure are important. Yes children have an innate desire to learn, knowing how to take what is of interest to them andShow MoreRelatedWalking And Biking : Reading Skills Essay1191 Words à |à 5 Pagesride a bike. Learning to read falls into this category. However, unlike walking and biking, reading skills are not suddenly obtained and then static throughout life. After learning to read initially, an individualââ¬â¢s reading skills, interests, and purposes further develop and change throughout their life, as though nobody ever truly learns to read. Furthermore, the means by which an individ ual improves their reading capabilities change over time as well. In the same way, I initially improved my readingRead MoreWalking And Biking By Eric Carle1192 Words à |à 5 Pageswalk or ride a bike. Learning to read falls into this category. However, unlike walking and biking, reading skills are not suddenly obtained and then static throughout life. After learning to read initially, an individualââ¬â¢s reading skills, interests, and purposes further develop and change throughout their life. Furthermore, the means by which an individual improves their reading capabilities change over time as well. In the same way, I initially improved my reading ability and changed my interests throughRead MoreGender Through A Trans Women s Experience And Back Ground From My Personal Favorite Show955 Words à |à 4 PagesLinthorne 1 In this paper, I will be critically considering the perspective of gender through a trans womenââ¬â¢s experience and back ground from my personal favorite show, ââ¬Å"Sense 8â⬠. During this process, I will be explaining how people are represented by the images, stereotypes, and social norms which are conveyed in this series, while also considering the questions provided in Supplement 21 of the course text. ââ¬Å"Sense 8â⬠is a television series created by a trans women named Lana Wachowski, a very outstandingRead MoreReflections On My Loss Lifeline1606 Words à |à 7 PagesReflections on My Loss Lifeline The earliest with loss that I remember, was when I broke my left elbow. I was at my aunt and uncles house and me and my two cousins were playing outside, it was spring time. My cousin Brett had just learned to ride a two wheeled bike without training wheels. The bike had a banana seat on it and he asked me if I wanted to ride with him. Of course, I said sure and away we went riding along the edge of the yard. We hit a rock and the bike tipped over onto a fieldRead MoreLife Of Our Time As A Student1747 Words à |à 7 Pagesassignment I have chosen to go back and reflect on my reflections. My goal is to better understand the journey that I have gone through as a first-semester Writing Consultant, to highlight the anticipated challenges and the unsolicited worrying that I had at the beginning of the year, and to celebrate the progress that Iââ¬â¢ve made along the way. I will draw upon my reflections, using specific quotes, as well as some of the course material, to understan d where my ââ¬Ëah-haââ¬â¢ moments occured and where they stillRead MorePersonal Narrative1557 Words à |à 7 Pagespassing by cars smoothly. I chanted I am immortal, I am a god! while I pushed my sports bike to its limit. Suddenly a black car approaches. WHAM! I get Rammed from behind and lose control of my bike slamming into a Semi-truck up ahead. Lights out. When I peeked my eyes, I saw 4 humans around me. Thump after thumb I believe I was in an ambulance rushing down the turnpike. I looked around and the first words that came to my head are ââ¬Å"Rick this is just a dreamâ⬠. This is the story of how I escaped fromRead MoreMy Writing An Argument Paper Over The Hit Podcast Serial 950 Words à |à 4 Pagesbegan to type the opening paragraph for my argument paper over the hit podcast ââ¬Å"Serial,â⬠I began to realize I was in serious trouble as the words refused to flow. Even without any formal writing education, I prided myself on my ability to write, and conve y my ideas with ease through the means of a keyboard. By the end of these pages, it is my hope that you the reader, will be able to get a sense of the adversities I had faced, and what helped me develop my writing process, and abilities. GrowingRead MoreFinal Assignment Week 5 EXP 105827 Words à |à 4 PagesFinal Reflection Assignment Learning to me is allowing your brain to receive information and then applying in to your life experiences. I feel like face to face learning is better, however, online is more convenient. I prefer face to face because it offers a more personal relationship with your classmates and your professor. Although it is not practical for my life, I do wish I could attend classes in a regular environment. Online provides me that much needed space and opportunity to move at my ownRead MoreThe Role Of Heredity And Environment On Learning Theory1009 Words à |à 5 Pagespsychologists have researched this question and provided possible theories to answer it. This paper will take a look at three leading theorists on the subject-Bronfenbrenner, Piaget and Vygotsky. By means of personal reflection into my own learning experience, I will analyze which theory best describes my understanding of how people learn and why I came to that conclusion. First, let s examine Urie Bronfenbrenner s ecological systems theory about various environmental factors influence a child s developmentRead MoreMore Than Just A Diagnosis Essay1625 Words à |à 7 Pagesa foundation and develop into becoming a well-rounded and patient-focused doctor. It has allowed me to learn a vast amount about myself and certainly has expanded my views on the importance of patient-centered healthcare. This essay is a reflective piece where I will expand on the story of Miss X and some specific learning experiences that have helped me appreciate the integrated approach to the healing process of medicine as well as the importance of the doctor-patient relationship. Approximately alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-36202744575176736232020-05-06T09:21:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:21:06.130-07:00Cotton Profile Free Essays Cotton holds the position of being the most used fiber in the world as well as the ââ¬Å"number one fiber used for apparel in the United Statesâ⬠(Willbank). Cotton belongs to the same family of hibiscus and okra. Among cottonââ¬â¢s species are the American Upland Cotton, a low multi-branch shrub grown annually; the long fiber Egyptian and the Sea Island cottons botanically grown in Egypt and brought to the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Cotton Profile or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. ; and the Pima, originally known as American-Egyptian cotton (Pakistan Cotton Ginnersââ¬â¢ Association). The exact age of cotton is unknown. Scientists, however, found ââ¬Å"fiber and ball fragments from the TehuacA? n Valley of Mexico,â⬠which they determined to be about 7000 years old. Cotton has been grown and used in India for more or less 5000 years (Pakistan Cotton Ginnersââ¬â¢ Association). About 3000 years ago, it was ââ¬Å"grown and made into cloth in the Indus River Valley in Pakistan (Willbanks), the same time Egyptians in the Nile Valley made and wore cotton clothing (ââ¬Å"The Story of Cottonâ⬠). More than 1,300 years ago, Chinese emperor Ou-ti was recorded to have worn a cotton robe in his succession to the throne (Textile Exhange). In approximately 800 A. D. , Arab merchants brought cotton in Europe. In 1492, ââ¬Å"Christopher Columbus found cotton in the Bahama Islandsâ⬠(Willbanks). In 1607, cotton ââ¬Å"was one of the earliest crops grown by European settlersâ⬠in Jamestown colony (Pakistan Cotton Ginnersââ¬â¢ Association). In 1730, the first machinery to spin cotton was used in England. It was in 1793 when Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine used to separate cotton fiber from the seed. This gin made the separation process 50 times faster than doing it by hand (Willbanks). Today the whole world knows cotton. Its major producing countries are China, which ââ¬Å"produced approximately 20 million bales of cotton,â⬠and the United States, with 17. 2 million bales of cotton production in 2000 (ââ¬Å"The Many Faces of Cottonâ⬠). Other major producers are the Soviet States, and India, while less producing countries include Pakistan, Brazil, Turkey, Egypt, Mexico, Iran, and Sudan (Textile Exchange). There are three types of cotton, namely, low to medium grade cotton, better grade cotton, and organic cotton. The type ââ¬Å"found in mass-produced goods and cotton blend goodsâ⬠are called ââ¬Ëlow to medium grade cotton. ââ¬â¢ Better grades are the type with longer-staple cotton, often found in fine quality shirts and beddings. Examples of this type are the Egyptian cotton, Pima, Supima, American Egyptian, and Sea Island. Cotton grown without use of any pesticide and fertilizer is called organic cotton (Willbanks). Some of the famous manufacturers of cotton are Barhardt Manufacturing, BBA Nonwovens Veratec, Brannoc Fibers, Ltd. , Cotton Incorporated, Ihsan Sons (PVT) Limited, Leigh Fibers, and Textiles and Nonwovens Directory (Hegde et al. ) Based on the historical accounts on cotton fiber, it primarily served the purpose of clothing in various parts of the world. However, in the early 20th Century, a few cotton mills in the U. S. found ââ¬Å"ways to upgrade the waste cotton fibers into saleable products. â⬠This was the goal they had that was why they bonded fiber waste with latex and resin, whose end product was industry wipes (Hegde et al. ) Products such as ââ¬Å"draperies, table cloths, napkins, and wiping towelsâ⬠were developed after the World War II (Hegde et al. ). As people discovered mechanics and invented machines, cotton fiber served more and newer purposes than it originally did. Cotton is not only used for simple clothing but in a wide range of products and end uses, such as the basic apparel ââ¬â blouses, shirts, dresses, childrenââ¬â¢s wear, active wear, separates, swimwear, suits, jackets, sweaters, neckwear, skirts, pants and hosiery (Swicoli AG Textile Services); shoes, handbags, and luggage (Willbanks); home fashion ââ¬â curtains, bed spreads, comforters, throws, sheets, table mats (Swicoli AG Textile Services), upholstery fabrics, rugs, wall coverings, and tobacco cloth; sanitary supplies; industrial abrasives; book bindings (Willbanks); and medical and cosmetic applications ââ¬â bandages and wound plasters (Swicoli AG Textile Services). It was found out in 1994 that 63 percent of cotton was utilized for apparel, 29 percent for home furnishings, and eight percent for industrial products and exportations (Willbanks). Within the last decade, bleached cotton fiber used for processing on conventional non-woven equipment has attracted intere st and became available, particularly in medical and healthcare applications like in wiping and wiper markets and some apparel markets. However, since bleached cotton for non-woven application is relatively new, it is quite an expensive fiber and its sources are few (Hegde et al. ). Cotton fiber was also tapped to help control the problem of soil erosion. Mulch Seed Innovations, together with Cotton Incorporated and the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, has created ââ¬Å"two all-natural cotton-fiber hydro mulch productsâ⬠to answer the soil erosion problem. These mulches are more favorable than wood, paper, or synthetic ones because they allow grass seeds to develop faster while protecting the soil against heavy wind and rain (Delta Farm Press). This is all because cotton is porous, absorbent, and biodegradable, which makes it perfect for controlling soil erosion and developing seed (qtd. in Delta Farm Press). Cottonââ¬â¢s popularity is rooted from its desirable properties, which includes aesthetics, comfort, breathability, absorbency, soft hand, durability, and easy care (Shukr US). Cotton fabric, which is 100 percent untreated, ââ¬Å"has a pleasant matte luster; a soft drapeâ⬠(Willbanks) or fall (Shukr USA); ââ¬Å"and a smooth handâ⬠(Willbanks) or appearance to the eye (Shukr USA). Cotton fabric is also known to be very comfortable due to its soft hand (Willbanks). In addition, it possesses excellent absorbency or ââ¬Å"ability to take in and hold moisture. â⬠However, it is not good at releasing it, thus poor wickability or ââ¬Å"ability to transport moisture perspiration away from the body to the garmentââ¬â¢s surfaceâ⬠(Shukr USA). Moreover, cotton is known for its breathability or air permeability, the ability of a ââ¬Å"fabric to allow air to pass through its construction. â⬠However, when cotton fabric becomes too moist or wet, its breathability is reduced (Shukr USA). Another undesirable feature of cotton fabric is that it wrinkles and shrinks easily. But with treatment or blending with polyester, wrinkles and shrinks are both reduced (Shukr USA). Cotton fabrics require easy care. They can be machine washed and dried. But sunlight harms cotton, ââ¬Å"causing it to oxidize and turn yellow. â⬠Acids also harm cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics can be bleached but not too much since this will weaken the fibers (Willbanks). The cotton fiber is preferred by majority of consumers worldwide. This is why it will continue to increase its share in the fabric market (Hegde et al. ). Thanks to cottonââ¬â¢s rich history, desirable properties, and variety of uses, life now is more comfortable. Works Cited ââ¬Å"Cotton. â⬠Swicofil AG Textile Services. 12 October 2007 http://www. swicofil. com/products/001cotton. html. ââ¬Å"Fiber History. â⬠Textile Exchange. 12 October 2007 http://www. teonline. com/fibertrademarks. html. Hegde, Raghavendra, et al. ââ¬Å"Cotton Fibers. â⬠University of Tennessee Knoxville. 2004 April. 12 October 2007 http://www. engr. utk. edu/mse/Textiles/Cotton%20fibers. htm. ââ¬Å"History of Cotton. â⬠Pakistan Cotton Ginnersââ¬â¢ Association. 2001. 12 October 2007 http://www. pcga. org/cotton_history. html. Penton Media. ââ¬Å"Cotton-fiber hydromulch option for erosion control. â⬠Delta Farm Press. 28 September 2007. 12 October 2007 http://deltafarmpress. com/cotton/070928-hydromulch-erosion/. Shukr USA. 2007. Fabric Guide. 12 October 2007 http://www. shukronline. com/fabric- guide. html#fibers. ââ¬Å"The Story of Cotton. â⬠Cotton Counts Education Resources. 12 October 2007 http://www. cotton. org/pubs/cottoncounts/story/index. cfm. ââ¬Å"The Many Faces of Cotton. â⬠Cotton Counts Education Resources. 12 October 2007 http://www. cotton. org/pubs/cottoncounts/upload/The-Many-Faces-of-Cotton. pdf. Willbanks, Amy. ââ¬Å"Cotton. â⬠Fabrics. Net. 12 October 2007. http://www. fabrics. net/amycotton. asp. How to cite Cotton Profile, Papers alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-71832880014891038032020-04-27T08:56:00.001-07:002020-04-27T08:56:02.951-07:00Lord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack Essay ExampleLord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack Paper His role was to lead them and maintain order by keeping them safe and establishing duties among the group. As a hearted, Ralph showed formidable skills in managing the group at the beginning of the story. This shows his way of coping and handling being stuck on an island and representing order and civilization. Eventually by the end of their Journey on the island, the boys do get rescued although the order that was kept at the initial point was engulfed by acute savagery and boys turning on each other. Living in a completely different world is the character of the name Tom Winnfield In Tennessee Williwaws s book called the Glass Menagerie. Tom Is an 18 year old boy who had airily rough childhood beginning from his father fleeting away from home when Tom was a young boy. To make matters worse, at this young age he becomes the man of the house with responsibility of taking care of his sister who is diagnosed with a permanent muscle condition called pleurisy, taking care of his mother and handling an economically bad situation over all. As he struggles to resolve conflicts between his own interests and his overall wellbeing of his family which are always in different directions, he becomes frustrated with his familys intentions and leaves his family. In the end, he learnt his lesson the hard way as did the readers when he realizes his mistakes it is too late to fix them and bring their family back together. When tom and Ralph are facing comparable situations where responsibilities came unannounced with hardships that may have conflicted with their personal Interest, but the way they were handled depended on the personality of the character himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It would be appropriate to say that Tom and Ralph are more different In their characteristics than they are similar. This statement can be vilified by looking at three main instances that occurred in their respected stories. The very first difference between the two can be seen in their personalities; Tom is selfish and cares only about himself while Ralph consistently considers his friends before he thinks of himself. Secondly evidence of their contrasting characteristics come apparent with their way of reflecting on their father figure as the main source of guidance; for Tom, the missing father figure is apparent as he also tries to escape from his situation meanwhile Ralph ,like his father, takes on a leadership role. Last but not least, a strong reason why they are different Is because Ralph shows dervish skills and Is admired by majority of the boys that are on the Island with him.. He maintains order and Intents on getting out; whereas Tom Is bombarded with responsibility that seems to be too overwhelming for his personality, he does all the duties intents. Seas to Tu I out en does teen anal nee artery walkout ten relent SECOND BODY : The difference between the two can also be seen in their personalities; Tom is selfish and cares only about himself while Ralph consistently considers his friends before he thinks of himself * Both texts have a different style of portraying the character in question . Ralph is seen helping and considering the future of everyone on the island while not caring about him. He shows selfless love towards each and every character in the story, one incident that occurred in the story is when a boy asked Ralph if they were ever going to get saved, one of the boys proclaimed of course not, but Ralph reassured the little boy and gave him the hope that if they follow his orders and procedures they will be saved and returned back to civilization. (peg 20)(peg 21 bottom)(peg 34-35 bottom) (37 fire) Using peg 34-35 **insert Quote** * In this quote, it shows that Rallys is tauter and reassuring by giving everyone some hope and comfort regarding their fears. On the other hand, Tom only cares for himself, he is not considerate of others, and shows almost no love towards his family. **Quote** this quote shows the reader how different tom acts then Ralph, even when considering their age difference. * (peg 53 bottoms) it also shows that the mother wants Tom to understand the situation by explaining to him that daughters welfare is more important than even herself. The mother tries to convince Tom to believe that it is important to care for Laura. This shows that Tom is running away from responsibility while Ralph happily accepts the role of being the leader and comforts the group. THIRD PARAGRAPH * a strong evidence of their contrasting characteristics come apparent with their way of reflecting on their father figure as the main source of guidance; for Tom, the missing father figure is apparent as he also tries to escape from his situation meanwhile Ralph ,like his father, takes on a leadership role. As soon as Ralph and the others were stranded on the island he was subjected to his responsibilities, some may say that these qualities could have been passed down through his father. This was evident when the first thing he thought was to create a system of order and prevent things from going into chaos. **Quote** the quote reconfirms the claim that Rallys father was a responsible Navy officer and throughout Rallys childhood, he may have influenced the shaping of Rallys character. When Ralph reassured the group, its showed that the group still had confidence in what he had to say and instructed to do. (peg 36 bottom) Tom: (peg 80) Toms upbringing was clearly different than Rallys which reflected on his attitude and overall behavior towards his father. alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-18540705305333805592020-03-19T09:21:00.001-07:002020-03-19T09:21:04.376-07:00The Irregular Latin Verb Sum To BeThe Irregular Latin Verb Sum To Be The Latin word sum is perhaps among the best known of all the Latin verbs and it is among the hardest to learn. Sum is the present indicative tense of the verb esse, meaning to be. As with many other living and dead languages, esse is one of the oldest verb forms in Latin, one of the most frequently used of the verbs, one of the most irregular verbs in Latin and related languages. It is also often contracted in casual use (such as in English Im, thats, theyre, hes), becoming almost invisible to the listener. Etymology The progenitor form of to be is in the Proto-Indo-Europeanà (PIE) language, the parent language of Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Iranian, Germanic, and indeed most of the languages spoken in all of Europe, India, and Iran. Each of the PIE languages has a form of to be, perhaps because it is so eminently useful: sometimes to be can have an existential significance (To be or not to be, I think therefore I am), but also retains its use in everyday language. In etymological circles, to be is the b-root word, and like all of the b-roots probably is derived from an ancient PIE root, today reconstructed as *h1à ©s-mi (I am). It is also possible that to be in Latin derives from the root word *bhuH- meaning to grow.à Other closely related words to esse are asmià in Sanskrit and eÃ
¡mi in Hittite. Conguating Sum Mood Tense Person Singular Plural indicative Present First sum sumus Second es estis Third est sunt Imperfect First eram eramus Second eras eratis Third erat erant Future First ero erimus Second eris eritis Third erit erunt Perfect First fui fuimus Second fuisti fuistis Third fuit fuerunt Pluperfect First fueram fueramus Second fueras fueratis Third fuera fuerant Future Perfect First fuero fuerimu Second fueris fueritis Third fuerit fuerint Subjunctive Present First sim simus Second sit sitis Third sit sint Imperfect First essem essemus Second esses essetis Third esset essent Perfect First fuerim fuerimus Second fueris fueritis Third fuerit fuerint Pluperfect First fuissem fuissemus Second fuisses fuissetis Third fuisset fuissent Irregular Verbs and Compounds There are several other Latin irregular verbs and compound verbs formed from sum. Eo - to go Fio - to become nolo, nolle, nolui - to be unwilling and malo, malle, malui to prefer are similar. Volo - to wish Fero - to carry Sum - to becompounds: adsum, desum, insum, intersum, praesum, obsum, prosum, subsum, supersum Do - to give Edo - to eat alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-27268643730903457292020-03-03T01:08:00.001-08:002020-03-03T01:08:03.601-08:00Winning the Vote for Women Around the WorldWinning the Vote for Women Around the World When did various nations give all women the right to vote? Many granted suffrage in steps some locales gave the vote for local elections first, or some racial or ethnic groups were excluded until later. Often, the right to stand for election and the right to vote were given at separate times. Full suffrage means that all groups of women were included, and could both vote and run for any office. 1850-1879 1851: Prussian law forbids women from joining political parties or attending meetings where politics is discussed.1869: Britain grants unmarried women who are householders the right to vote in local elections1862/3: Some Swedish women gain voting rights in local elections. 1880-1899 1881: Some Scottish women get the right to vote in local elections.1893: New Zealand grants equal voting rights to women.1894: The United Kingdom expands womens voting rights to married women in local but not national elections.à 1895: South Australian women gain voting rights.1899: Western Australian women were granted voting rights.à 1900-1909 1901: Women in Australia get the vote, with some restrictions.à 1902: Women in New South Wales get the vote.1902: Australia grants more voting rights to women.1906: Finland adopts woman suffrage.1907: Women in Norway are permitted to stand for election.1908: Women in Denmark some women granted local voting rights.1908: Victoria, Australia, grants women voting rights.1909: Sweden grants vote in municipal elections to all women. 1910-1919 1913: Norway adopts full woman suffrage.1915: Women get the vote in Denmark and Iceland.1916: Canadian women in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan get the vote.1917: When the Russian Czar is toppled, the Provisional Government grants universal suffrage with equality for women; later the new Soviet Russian constitution includes full suffrage to women.1917: Women in the Netherlands are granted the right to stand for election.1918: The United Kingdom gives a full vote to some women over 30, with property qualifications or a UK university degree and to all men age 21 and older.1918: Canada gives women the vote in most provinces by federal law. Quebec is not included. Native women were not included.1918: Germany grants women the vote.1918: Austria adopts woman suffrage.1918: Women given full suffrage in Latvia, Poland, Estonia, and Latvia.1918: Russian Federation gives women the right to vote.1921: Azerbaijan grants woman suffrage. (Sometimes given as 1921 or 1917.)1918: Women granted limited voting rights in Ireland. 1919: Netherlands gives women the vote.1919: Woman suffrage is granted in Belarus, Luxembourg, and Ukraine.1919: Women in Belgium granted right to vote.1919: New Zealand allows women to stand for election.1919: Sweden grants suffrage with some restrictions. 1920-1929 1920: On August 26, a constitutional amendment is adopted when the state of Tennessee ratifies it, granting full woman suffrage in all states of the United States.1920: Woman suffrage is granted in Albania, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.1920: Canadian women get the right to stand for election (but not for all offices - see 1929 below).1921: Sweden gives women voting rights with some restrictions.1921: Armenia grants woman suffrage.1921: Lithuania grants woman suffrage.1921: Belgium grants women the right to stand for election.1922: Irish Free State, separating from the UK, gives equal voting rights to women.1922: Burma grants women voting rights.1924: Mongolia, Saint Lucia, and Tajikistan give suffrage to women.1924: Kazakstan gives limited voting rights to women.1925: Italy grants limited voting rights to women.1927: Turkmenistan grants woman suffrage.1928: The United Kingdom grants full equal voting rights to women.1928: Guyana grants woman suffrage.1928: Ireland (as part of the UK) expands womens suffrage rights. 1929: Ecuador grants suffrage, Romania grants limited suffrage.1929: Women found to be persons in Canada and therefore able to become members of the Senate. 1930-1939 1930: White women granted suffrage in South Africa.1930: Turkey grants women the vote.1931: Women get full suffrage in Spain andà Sri Lanka.1931: Chile and Portugal grant suffrage with some restrictions.1932: Uruguay, Thailand and Maldives jump on the woman suffrage bandwagon.1934: Cuba and Brazil adopt woman suffrage.1934: Turkish women are able to stand for election.1934: Portugal grants woman suffrage, with some restrictions.1935: Women gain right to vote in Myanmar.1937: The Philippines grants women full suffrage.1938: Women get the vote in Bolivia.1938: Uzbekistan grants full suffrage to women.1939: El Salvador grants voting rights to women. 1940-1949 1940: Women of Quebec are granted voting rights.1941: Panama grants limited voting rights to women.1942: Women gain full suffrage in theà Dominican Republic.1944: Bulgaria, France and Jamaica grant suffrage to women.1945: Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, Hungary, Japan (with restrictions), Yugoslavia, Senegal, and Ireland enact woman suffrage.1945: Guyana allows women to stand for election.1946: Woman suffrage adopted in Palestine, Kenya, Liberia, Cameroon, Korea, Guatemala, Panama (with restrictions), Romania (with restrictions), Venezuela, Yugoslavia, and Vietnam.1946: Women allowed to stand for election in Myanmar.1947: Bulgaria, Malta, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, and Argentina extend suffrage to women.1947: Japan extends suffrage, but still retains some restrictions.1947: Mexico grants the vote to women at the municipal level.1948: Israel, Iraq, Korea, Niger, and Surinam adopt woman suffrage.1948: Belgium, which previously granted the vote to women, establishes suffrage with a few re strictions for women. 1949: Bosnia and Herzegovina grant woman suffrage.1949: China and Costa Rica give women the vote.1949: Women gain full suffrage in Chile but most vote separately from men.1949: Syrian Arab Republic gives the vote to women.1949/1950: India grants woman suffrage. 1950-1959 1950: Haiti and Barbados adopt woman suffrage.1950: Canada grants full suffrage, extending the vote to some women (and men) previously not included, still excluding Native women.1951: Antigua, Nepal, and Grenada give women the vote.1952: Covenant on Political Rights of Women enacted by the United Nations, calling for womens right to vote and right to stand for elections.à 1952: Greece, Lebanon, and Bolivia (with restrictions) extend suffrage to women.1953: Mexico grants women the right to stand for election. and to vote in national elections.1953: Hungary and Guyana give voting rights to women.1953: Bhutan and the Syrian Arab Republic establish full woman suffrage.1954: Ghana, Colombia, and Belize grant woman suffrage.1955: Cambodia, Ethiopia, Peru, Honduras, and Nicaragua adopt woman suffrage.1956: Women given suffrage in Egypt, Somalia, Comoros, Mauritius, Mali, and Benin.1956: Pakistani women gain the right to vote in national elections.1957: Malaysia extends suffrage to women.1 957: Zimbabwe grants women the vote. 1959: Madagascar and Tanzania give suffrage to women.1959: San Marino permits women to vote. 1960-1969 1960: Women of Cyprus, Gambia, and Tonga get suffrage.1960: Canadian women win full rights to stand for election, as Native women are also included.1961: Burundi, Malawy, Paraguay, Rwanda and Sierra Leone adopt woman suffrage.1961: Women in the Bahamas gain suffrage, with limits.1961: Women in El Salvador are permitted to stand for election.1962: Algeria, Monaco, Uganda, and Zambia adopts woman suffrage.1962: Australia adopts full woman suffrage (a few restrictions remain).1963: Women in Morocco, Congo, theà Islamic Republic of Iranà and Kenya gain suffrage.1964: Sudan adopts woman suffrage.1964: The Bahamas adopts full suffrage with restrictions.1965: Women gain full suffrage in Afghanistan, Botswana, and Lesotho.1967: Ecuador adopts full suffrage with a few restrictions.1968: Full woman suffrage adopted in Swaziland. 1970-1979 1970: Yemen adopts full suffrage.1970: Andorra permits women to vote.1971: Switzerland adopts woman suffrage, and the United States lowers the voting age for both men and women to eighteen by a Constitutional amendment.1972: Bangladesh grants woman suffrage.1973: Full suffrage granted to women in Bahrain.1973: Women permitted to stand for election in Andorra and San Marino.1974: Jordan and the Solomon Islands extend suffrage to women.1975: Angola,à Cape Verde, and Mozambique give suffrage to women.1976: Portugal adopts full woman suffrage with a few restrictions.1978: The Republic of Moldova adopts full suffrage with a few restrictions.1978: Women in Zimbabwe are able to stand for election.1979: Women in the Marshall Islands and Micronesia gain full suffrage rights. 1980-1989 1980: Iran gives women the vote.1984: Full suffrage granted to women of Liechtenstein.1984: In South Africa, voting rights are extended to Coloureds and Indians.1986: Central African Republic adopts woman suffrage. 1990-1999 1990: Samoan women gain full suffrage.1994: Kazakhstan grants women full suffrage.1994: Black women gain full suffrage in South Africa. 2000- 2005: Kuwaiti Parliament grants women of Kuwait full suffrage. alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-20387800568506131312020-02-15T16:33:00.001-08:002020-02-15T16:33:02.144-08:00Biodiversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsBiodiversity - Essay Example As opposed to Cardinale et.al (2012), Dawson et.al (2011) argues that climate change is the major threat to biodiversity in the 21st century and not human activities as stated by the former. In light of this, the article addresses the viable solutions into dealing with the loss of biodiversity as a resultant of climate change. If not, the loss of biodiversity will be complemented by termination of evolutionary potential and consequent disruption of ecological services. Both of which are equally detrimental. In response to this, the article proposes the development of an Integrated Science of Climate-Change Biodiversity Assessment as the most effective solution in curtailing the loss of biodiversity. However, regardless of the difference in the opinions in both articles, all the authors acknowledge the importance of the biodiversity. It is due to this that Cardinale et.al (2012) focuses their research on the specific effects of the loss of biodiversity on humans while Dawson et.al (2011) explores viable methods of mitigating their current loss. Biodiversity plays a very significant role in every ecosystem and numerous factors including human activities and climatic change are resulting in their loss. As a result, there should be measures that address every factor resulting in the loss as opposed to individual issues as seen alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-53288189291750799682020-02-02T10:37:00.001-08:002020-02-02T10:37:03.704-08:00Building smulation model by arena to ptimize airplane C3 check EssayBuilding smulation model by arena to ptimize airplane C3 check manitenance - Essay Example Once ACFT is taken O.O.S different specialty are responsible to accomplish the specified check that it is due for and make an agreed commitment to bring the ACFT back in service (B.I.S) on a specific date and time (Mcgarvey 2009). However, there are so many specialties working to achieve this goal. Therefore, effort on making good utilization and excellent planning must be considered to make sure communication and coordination are applied and insuring all this is not easy. For Instance Airframe is one of the biggest departments that cover under its umbrella many ATA chapters such as fuel, hydraulics, landing gears, flight controls, water and waste, cargo compartment, ice and rain, fire systems as well as empennage, fuselage and wings which belongs to Airframe department. Therefore, we are interested on it and as we imitate and mimic its system we will have a very good picture the maintenance system with specialties other than airframe (Brady & Hillestad 1995). There are power plant, avionics, inspection, cabin and structure or they call tem sheet metal departments. All these specialties attack the plane once it is arrived in the Hanger for heavy maintenance do their best to have back on the pre-selected date and time. A myriad of human factors challenges associated with aircraft maintenance exist. Maintenance and inspection are essential to ensure continuing airworthiness on the aging fleet. New advanced technology procedures for aircraft further complicate the aviation maintenance system. The human is a critical component of the maintenance -system. Therefore, research and development must address a variety of issues affecting the human in maintenance. In order to plan well and have an actual picture of the system shortcomings and high performance areas within the system we will have to simulate that particular system. Simulation is a tool that gives us the chance to mimic any system with data available, analyzed and entered in any program such as Arena which is one of the popular and powerful computer programs (Charlotte 2009). Since we have so many specialties, multiple maintenance scheduled check types as well as many different ACFT types that are owned by Saudi Arabian airlines, the simulation process will get complex, thus, we will mimic only one type of airplane-747-400, one type of maintenance scheduled checks which is C- check (Kinnison 2004). Keywords: Hanger Maintenance, C-Check, Scheduling, Human Component in Maintenance, Simulation. 2.0 Goal The goal of this report is to build a simulation model for Aircraft Maintenance departmentsââ¬â¢ activities that will allow us to capture each and every process in order to optimize the manpower utilization and reduce maintenance time by eliminating delays especially when bottle necks confront. 3.0 Literature Review The aircraft is the fastest method of transport that can quickly transport people and cargo over longer distances, but incur high costs and energy use. For short distances or in inaccessible placesà helicoptersà can be used. According to Friend (1992), growth of population explosion in world has raised the air transportation sector; in 2010 it accounts 19% of passenger, and 48% of cargo of whole transportation in world. In 2009, Saudi alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-80404134790475592712020-01-25T07:01:00.001-08:002020-01-25T07:01:03.927-08:00Cannabis Sativa: Why Hasnt It Been Legalized? :: essays research papers What if we were able to legalize a drug that works more efficiently on some diseases than any legal drug on the market today? This drug can help to aid such notorious diseases as AIDS and glaucoma. The name of this drug is cannabis sativa, or its more well-known name, marijuana. Cannabis sativa should be legalized for its medicinal uses. This paper will state the different types of diseases that marijuana may be used for, the current steps towards the legalization of this drug for medicinal purposes, the reasons for the use of this drug not to be exploited, the positive and alleviating effects of its use, and the non-addictive attributes of the drug itself. There are many reasons to show why the illegal drug, marijuana, should be legalized solely for its medicinal uses and benefits. Marijuana can be used for such things as glaucoma, controlling seizures, arthritis, the side effects of cancer chemotherapy, such as vomiting and nausea, asthma, anxiety, convulsions, AIDS and depression (Cohen, 1985). "In glaucoma, it reduces the pressure in the eye, for instance, and it also causes a slight increase in appetite in people suffering from AIDS wasting or those undergoing chemotherapy" (Medical Experts, 1997). Marijuana has been widely touted as a treatment for the drastic weight loss associated with AIDS (Levine, 1997). Cannabis sativa reduces the vomiting and nausea caused by chemotherapy, and alleviates pretreatment anxiety. It reduces the muscle pain and spasticity caused by the disease, but it may also help some patients with bladder control and the relieving of tremors (Facts & Stats, 2001). There are a number of peopl e who have severe mental illnesses. When they feel like they are becoming mentally ill, they start self-medicating with cannabis to help them to relieve the symptoms of the illness they are having (Jamaica, 1997). In the study on rats, a research team from Complutense University and Autonoma University in Madrid found that marijuana's active ingredient, called THC, killed tumor cells in advanced cases of glioma, a quick-killing cancer for which there is currently no effective treatment. The team reports that the treatment works by stimulating the cancer cells to commit suicide in a natural process called apoptosis. The effect occurs in cancer cells but not in normal ones and, they say, "could provide the basis for a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of malignant gliomas". (Rea, 2000) But anytime there is an upside, there is always a downside. alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-15251581471285427142020-01-17T03:25:00.001-08:002020-01-17T03:25:04.170-08:00Coketown described by Charles Dickens â⬠Criticism EssayThis passage has come across a monotonous and dull town surrounded by industrialization. There is no colour, no aesthetic beauty but just buildings and factories that are an eyesore to the whole town. This town was once a nice place and it was a town of ââ¬Ëred brickââ¬â¢ but because of all the smoke, dust and dirt it has now all changed to black brick. There is no life left in the inhabitants of the town. They are just servers to the town and they arenââ¬â¢t even considered the characters of the passage. They are dehumanized and instead the buildings are the characters that take over. The buildings seem to literally take over the human qualities and are given priority and superiority to the people. There is no change or difference between one building and another. ââ¬ËThe Jail might have been the infirmary; the infirmary might have been the jailââ¬â¢. There is a sense of sameness and uniformity. Other people get life out of what Coketown sacrifices. The people of this town are stuck with this lifestyle forever as there doesnââ¬â¢t seem to be any way out if it. The town is literally doomed. There is the image of ââ¬Ëserpentsââ¬â¢ which give off the evil part to this town. It is almost as if the people are under the influence of this evil task master from which the inhabitants can never hope to escape. There is also the image of ââ¬Ëwaterââ¬â¢ which is usually the symbol of life and purity but in this case the water has become a victim of this so called progress. This lifeless town is basically sustained by what it makes and produces. These people are sacrificing their lives and their town in order to survive. The only thing that seems to be done in this town is work and more work; there are no natural sights or pleasure in its perspective. Everything is made just for purpose and function. Even the chapel built which is supposed to be an inspiring building and h ave meaning to people is described as a ââ¬Ëwarehouseââ¬â¢. There is a feeling of entrapment in this town such as the ââ¬Ëbird cageââ¬â¢ image used. These people have no knowledge of life out of this town. They are mechanical soldiers who feel enslaved to working for this town and feel like it is their only purpose to life. The people are alienated from each other as they donââ¬â¢t even seem to try and change this strict and totalitarian system. There is nothing more than facts and nothing seems important besides facts. It is a perverted world where people have lost their humanity and inanimate objects get a life of their own. This town seems to be what controls the people and unfortunately the people all seem to be too intimated by the system that they wonââ¬â¢t even consider speaking up about the corrupt lifestyle they all live each day. There is a major devoid of natural life and the people are helpless to the situation. alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-17884631257279502872020-01-08T23:48:00.001-08:002020-01-08T23:48:04.494-08:00Auteur Critics Cinema Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3953 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The auteur theory can be summarised most simply as an acknowledgement of the director as the primary and shaping force behind a film (Craig Keller). How is Godards primary and shaping influence detectable, if indeed, it is? Introduction The auteur theory was a principle developed in the 1950s by a group of French film critics namely: Eric Rohmer, Francois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard. It was their belief that an auteur was the single individual most responsible for whatever personal expression (if any) a movie yielded up under critical analysis. This definition has become the most universally understood of the auteur theory and therefore the one which will be referred to during this dissertation. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Auteur Critics Cinema | Film Studies Dissertations" essay for you Create order These critics wanted to see an end to la tradition de la qualit of conventional cinema of the 1930s and 1940s a period coined le cinma de papa. They viewed films produced at that time to be literary, lifeless and not truly cinematic. Inspired by fellow film critic Alexandre Astrucs camera-stylo theory arguing that filmmakers should use their equipment as spontaneously, flexibly and personally as a writer uses a pen these young critics began to break the constraints of conventional cinema. Prior to the development of the auteur theory, a large majority of films were produced, shot and edited in similar styles. Large studios, with fixed cameras and scriptwriters having overall control were common, thus creating a rigid style of film production. However, in the 1950s and 60s, a period labelled the Nouvelle Vague, French cinema was completely revolutionised. During this time films moved away from the confines of the big studios and artificial lighting; to outside, using light weight Arriflex cameras which sped up the film process. During this period directors began to experiment with several new cinematic techniques whilst implementing their own personal artistic values in films. These directors came to be known as auteurs becoming the primary and shaping force behind their films, manipulating scenes to fit their style rather than employing the traditional method of following scriptwriters prompts. In terms of the auteur theory Jean-Luc Godard was seen as the truly radical auteur. By most he is today seen as one of the most innovative and artistic directors having created his own Godard style. As Godard himself suggests, les vrais auteurs des films sont les producteursle cinema na davenir que si la camera finit par remplacer le stylo. Godard epitomises a director out to challenge traditional cinema. Through such films as Vivre sa Vie: Film en douze tableaux (1962) and Une femme est une femme he began to interrogate and illuminate conventional cinema via new cinematic and artistic techniques. This dissertation will assess the extent to which Jean-Luc Godards primary and shaping influence is detectable in his films. In the main body of this dissertation I will consider Godards ability to implement his own cinematic style through several inventive techniques. I will consider his ability to challenge the barriers between off screen and on screen reality. Furthermore, I will analyse his use of camera shots, editing techniques, colour and sound so as to demonstrate his pivotal influence on the shaping of his films. I will however, also argue that any kind of definition of the auteur theory oversimplifies the realities of a film making process and can therefore not be seen as a definitive theory. Andrew Sarris explains, one of the premises for an auteur is that the director must exhibit certain recurring characteristics of style which serve as his signatureover a group of his films. I will, therefore, make reference to four of Godards films: A bout de Souffle (1960), Une femme est une femme (1961), Vivre sa vie: Film en douze tableaux (1962) and Le Mepris (1963) to demonstrate how Godard yields personal influence in his films. One of Godards premises as a film director was his belief that realism was a pivotal part of film making. Godard believed that realism attempted by conventional cinema was never exactly the same as reality, and in cinema it is of necessity faked. It was therefore Godards intention to continually experiment with new ideas and make his actors improvise in certain scenes in order to encapsulate what he believed would be the closest thing to real life. Following the release of A Bout de Souffle actor Jean-Pierre Melville who played Parvulesco in the film said Godards movie was anything shot anyhow. Godard himself confirmed that on A Bout de Souffle I used to write the evening before shooting. According to Godard, the reason for him doing this was because I liked to be surprised. If you know in advance everything you are going to do, it isnt worth doing. If a show is all written down, what is the point of filming it? What use is cinema if it trails after literature? Godards obsessive need to shape the smallest minutiae made him standout amongst his peers by firmly embedding him as the autonomous force behind all aspects of the film making process. In addition, if one reads the script of Le Mpris it clearly shows his belief in improvisation to encapsulate real life. In the thirty minute apartment scene in which Camille and Paul argue, the only direction is man in hat. Man in towel. Blond woman. Woman in black wig. Sheets on coach. Sheets off couch. Dishes on table. Love. Anger. Contempt. Tenderness. This therefore forced the actors to improvise in the hope that the scene would be more realistic than just learning their lines by heart. This idea of filmmaking was revolutionary at the time and was a way in which Godard was implementing his own directional style to his movies. As Kreidel suggested in 1980 [N]o one has yet made a more modern cinema than Godard. For those familiar with Godards work the quote used above anything shot anyhow should strike a chord. His use of the camera to manipulate scenes to exert his own artistic influence over his movies was just one of the ways in which his primary influence was detectable. Godard employed a range of new cinematic techniques in an attempt to escape the classical idea of a passive audience. His work was heavily influenced by Bertolt Brechts theory of Brechtian distanciation which encouraged the audience to make their own interpretations of what they were experiencing rather than them being simply led through a piece of theatre. Godard was influenced by Brechts theory in encouraging the active engagement of his audience, he breaks the illusion of the fourth wall in order to communicate directly with the audience, usually in such an enigmatic way that he seems to be satirising the whole of communication. In a key scene in A Bout de Souffle Michel, one of the lead protagonists, is filmed having a conversation with himself whilst driving. Traditionally this type of scene would be shot using a fly on the wall technique, Godard instead, by making Michel talk directly at the camera, creates the impression that Michel is directing his words at the audience. Manipulating the camera lens to involve the audience was just one of the techniques that Godard employed. In the opening scene in Vivre sa Vie he utilises a very different technique alienation. Rather than filming this scene in the traditional head-on format Godard places the camera lens behind the lead characters heads. In doing so the audience feels alienated from the conversation between the characters Nana and Raoul especially as their reflection in the mirror distances themselves even more from the audience. In addition, Godard never films the two characters in the same shot which not only highlights the divide between the characters but also the audience from the characters conversation. As Godard himself suggests I also converge with the theatre through language: in my film one must listen to people speaking, particularly as their backs are often turned so that one is not distracted by their faces. By shooting this scene from behind Godard does just that. He forces the audience to interpret the scene through what they hear and not what they see. By exploiting these techniques Godard is undoubtedly heavily exerting his influence on these films as an auteur. Godards use of the camera to exert a primary influence on his work often manifests itself in less obvious ways. He frequently extends the length of a single shot or slows down his camera movements to provide the viewer with adequate time to concentrate on a specific image. In Le Mpris Godard is forced to do a slow panning shot in one of the final scenes of the film when Odysseus returns home to Ithica. Godards use of colour is so bold in this scene that if he quickly panned across the scene it would not give his viewers adequate time to concentrate on the composition of the colours. The scene is filmed in such a way that it adds to its artistic content. In much the same way as a writers style of writing changes or a painters brush strokes alter throughout their career, Godards style evolves throughout his films. He employs different techniques in each film but the one constant is his shaping influence on each of his works. In conventional cinema, colour was generally used in order to increase the commerciality of films. When it was occasionally used, it enhanced the mood in separate scenes. Godard employed a far more ambitious use of colour in his work. In his first two colour films Une femme est une femme and Le Mpris he predominantly used primary colours due to his interest in modern art: straight color, pop art. Godard used bold primary colours to indicate the characterisation and narrative development in his films but in such a way that it did not act upon the viewer in a directly sensual way. In Godards first colour film Une femme est une femme, Angela is intent on having a child with her husband Emile. Emile however, is not so keen on the idea and appears rather blas about the subject; he predominantly wears blue in the film which symbolises his rather laid back nature. After being repeatedly refused by Emile on the topic of having a baby, Angela goes to Emiles friend Albert to have an affair in the hope to conceive. Albert despite being happy to oblige feels no real affection for Angela and this is shown as he mainly wears grey symbolising his disinterest in her. In Godards second colour film Le Mpris, he continues the pattern of using colour to represent characters personalities but tends to also use colour to depict how characters emotions towards each other evolve throughout the movie. In the opening scene, Camille is lying in bed with Paul asking him if he loves different parts of her body. In this scene, Godard uses colour filters which are seen as a representative of what is going to happen in the film. If one considers that red symbolises love, white incertitude and blue coldness then it maps out what happens in the film, love to ambivalence to contempt. Furthermore, Godard manipulates colour to mirror personalities. Paul the scriptwriter in the film is seen in a grey suit with blue specks highlighting his passive personality. Jerry the ambitious American film producer is mostly seen in a blue suit, red tie and driving a red sports car which in turn suggests his dominant personality and his lust for Camille. In addition, Camille is shown in several coloured dresses throughout the film so as to emphasize her continual change of emotions. Finally Francesca, Jerrys secretary wears a red jumper in the scene when she seduces Paul which again emphasizes Godards attempt to symbolise emotional currents in the film. It is important to note that several critics have suggested that Godards use of primary colours can also be seen as a referent to American musicals, a genre which fascinated Godard. This referent is most evidently seen in the opening credits of Une femme est une femme when bold colourful words flash up on the screen like neon lights, reflecting the lavishness of the American musical. Furthermore, other critics suggest that the primary colours are a referent to either the French flag or American flag. The extensive analysis of these critics suggests that they themselves acknowledge Godard as playing a decisive role in the production of his films. One of Godards most revolutionary impacts on French cinema was his use of editing. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, directors were focused on attempting to reduce the awareness of the film making process for the audience; enhancing what directors felt was reality. They would therefore use techniques such as continuity editing which prevented the audience from being aware of any cuts in between scenes, enabling them to be swept up in the film. Godard however, had a strong belief about the basics of cinema in which mise en scne (the content of individual shots) is continually inflected, articulated and transformed by montage (the editing that drives a film from one shot to another. With this strong belief Godard began to edit using techniques such as the jump-cut. The jump-cut was employed by Godard in his first motion picture A bout de Souffle. Due to a need to reduce the length of the film, Godard systematically cut out whatever could be cut, while trying to maintain some rhythm. An example of his use of jump-cuts was in the scene when Michel, the criminal, is recognised by a police officer and therefore Michel decides to shoot him. In this scene Godard zooms in on the barrel of the gun which is about to be fired by Michel. Suddenly, when Michel fires the gun there is a jump-cut and the next image is the police officer falling to the ground having been hit. Another notable example of his use of jump cut came later in the film when Patricia is riding in a stolen convertible with Michel. In this scene there are up to seven jump-cuts of Patricias head, creating discontinuity in the scene in a very clear Godard style. Whilst many critics at the time found his use of jump-cut confusing and disruptive to the flow of the film; many others recognized his jagged unruly montage heightened the jagged, unruly mood of a story propelled more by the whims of his characters than the dictates of a predetermined story, which is something evident in his film A bout de Souffle. As has been demonstrated it is clear that Godard exerted considerable influence over the editing process. It is clear that Godards films are characterised by a set of stylistic methods. Principally amongst these methods is his use of sound. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, sound was employed in film to replicate audibly the visual emotion of a scene in order to captivate the audience and make a scene appear more realistic. Martin Heidegger highlights this tradition by suggesting that viewers have become accustomed to sounds elegant effects and thus treats them as real. Godard however, firmly believed that in faking sound to captivate the audience, one is taking away the realism that he wanted to convey in his films. A point agreed by Richard Roud who suggested that even in the most so-called realist film, sound has always been an exception. It was therefore Godards intention to restore sound so that it would captivate real life by refusing to edit or remix any previously recorded track, which he defined as sonic realism. One of Godards most notable examples of this was seen in A Bout de Souffle. Due to the sound being naturally recorded there are several scenes in the film when some of the characters conversations are muffled by natural noises. The use of natural sound reaches a peak during the scene in Patricias apartment when the noise of the sirens bellowing in through the open window actually drowns out the characters dialogue. Rather than being a distraction that takes the viewer out of the moment, the use of natural sound here, and throughout the film, only heighten the realism. After all, in life, it would be unrealistic to sit in a room with an open window in the centre of Paris and not hear any intrusive sounds. Jean Collet praises Godards creation of realism through sound stating [Godard applies] to sound the same demands as for the pictures. [He captures] life in what it offers to be seen-and to be heard-directly. Godards artistic use of sound did change in his career with the development of post-synchronised sound. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, direct sound was used in films such as A Bout de Souffle. However, with the development of post-synchronised sound Godard was able to talk to the actors whilst filming so as to direct them and after synchronise the sound with the film footage. This also enabled him to implement his artistic Brechtian style of filmmaking in which he alienated his audience. In the opening scene in Vivre sa Vie, Godard uses the soundtrack in ten to twenty second bursts. The scene shows shots of Anna Karinas face at different angles. In conventional cinema, music would generally play consistently throughout this scene to highlight the emotional state. Godard however, plays it in bursts creating discontinuity in the scene as the soundtrack stops at random intervals. As has been demonstrated, Goddard employs a wealth of techniques in his films to manipulate sound. In playing such a pivotal role, he firmly entrenches himself as the key player in his work. Rarely before had cinema seen someone wield such a crucial influence over all aspects of the film making process. Second Section It is undeniable that Godard has produced some of the most inspiring and innovative films through his use of story line and cinematic techniques. His exploitation of light, colour, and sound, editing and alienating the audience showed Godard had revolutionised traditional French cinema and in doing so has inspired modern day film directors such as Quentin Tarrantino. However, in using Kellers summary that an auteur is simply the primary and shaping force of his films it is unquestionably oversimplifying the realities of the film making process. As Godard changed so much in his films compared to traditional cinema it is not possible for him to be praised for every aspect of his films creation. Godard said in an interview in 1983: I find it useless to keep offering the public the auteur. In Venice, when I got the prize of the Golden Lion I said that I deserve only probably the mane of this lion, and maybe the tail. Everything in the middle should go to all the others who work on the picture: the paws to the director of photography, theface to the editor, the body to the actors. I dont believe in the solitude ofthe auteur with a capital A. Furthermore, Godard admitted that him and the likes of Truffaut, Rohmer and Rivette whilst taking the plaudits for the auteur theory, exaggerated the significance of the theory so as to establish personal expression as one of the primary values in Nouvelle Vague films. Several theorists have also raised doubts as to the significance of the auteur. Foulcault and Roland Barthes suggest that all creative ideas are moulded by the social and political forces that surround us. They go on to state that ideas are contrived from the knowledge that one has gained from past experiences. If one puts this in the context of Godards films it would suggest that Godards cinematic ideas and techniques were influenced by what he has learnt from past experiences. An example of this can be seen in his indirect use of Brechtian distanciation. Whilst it is evident that he was inspired by Brechts idea of alienating the audience to prevent them from being passive observers can one really claim that Godards cinematic techniques were not the result of Brechts indirect influence? Furthermore, when analysing many of Godards films, Godard refers to several quotes from the likes of William Faulkner and Edgar Poe. These are quotes which could have been easily edited but instead Godard taste for quotation suggests that he is not the primary and shaping force in his films. Language One of Godards obsessions as a director was his use of language and his belief that words could represent anything. Whether his characters are just mouthing words or when they say one thing and then immediately contradict it, it exhibits his desire to become a writer through his films. In doing this he is challenging the use of words and at the same time expressing his desire to be an author, similar to that of being a novelist or playwright. He wants to aspire to the status of being a writer as though cinema is some sort of parvenu that can find legitimacy by talking about poetry of cinema and therefore elevating it to that status. Godard therefore investigated how meaningful words can express the way you feel, through his use of subtitles, language through signs and translation. Vivre sa Vie is a good example of this as the characters speak different languages and therefore need an intermediary, Francesca to put their views across. Furthermore, in one of the final scenes of Le Mepris Camille and Jerry, despite not speaking the same language use signs to express their thoughts. Camille states that she likes to type by gesturing her fingers typing on an imaginary typewriter and Jerry who gestures his reaction to this with his hands stating that she is crazy. One could also suggest that Godard is expressing his own views through the use of language. In certain scenes of Vivre sa Vie it almost appears as if Godard is either articulating his opinions through voiceovers or, uses the characters as mouth pieces of his thoughts. When Nana speaks to the philosopher she says that we are all responsible for our actions, we are free, I am responsible (which she repeats five times)you only have to take an interest in things, things are what they are, life is life. Furthermore, in the scene when Raoul reads an extract of Edward Poes bookwhich is in fact Godard doing a voiceover. This Godard style is also a very good alienating technique, as whether he is speaking implicitly or explicitly he is constantly reminding the viewer that he is making a film of which he is the director. So you are therefore never able to simply surrender to the naturalistic credibility of the language in films which was the case in conventional cinema. Rather he is deliberately making the viewer aware of the film making process. alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-44684427477246200392019-12-31T20:12:00.001-08:002019-12-31T20:12:03.228-08:00Essay on The De-Institutionalization of Mental Health Care De-Institutionalization of mental Health care According to NAMI, National Alliance on Mental Illness, 1 in 4 adults and 1 in 10 children, around 60 million people in the US suffer from some sort of mental illness every year. The economic cost for untreated mental illness is over 100 billion dollars a year in the US. World Health Organization has reported that that by 2020 the leading cause of disability in women and children will be depressive disorders. (www.nami.org) The treatment of mental health patients during the 50ââ¬â¢s and 60ââ¬â¢s can only be termed as cruel and inhumane but looking at the current statistics institutionalization of all these patients is not a viable option either. During research, I have found that although the awarenessâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The use was initially for the under developed countries but with the increasing burden of metal health services in many of the developed nations are also using this system. It provides with protocols for clinical decision making and ordinary people can be trained to provide help in their communities (Patel, 2013). These trained people can work under the supervision of doctors and psychiatrists and a much more integrated system can be developed with such resources. ââ¬ËSangathââ¬â¢ (www.sangath.com) is such a facility which was founded by Dr. Vikram Patel operating in Goa, India. It is funded by the Wellcome trust that finances the brightest ideas in medical humanities. In the US NAMI is a nonprofit organization that has similar goals. They have their chapters in all 50 states plus over a 1000 local affiliates that work to educate, facilitate, research and support people with mental health problems (www.nami.org). These kind of community based programs are the future of mental health care since they are more personal and empathetic. Online communities that provide support for mental health issues can also play a huge role in helping with the out reach. References Patel, V. (2013). Rethinking mental health care:what the developed world can learn from the developing. Retrieved from http://thinkneuroscience.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/rethinking-mental-health-care/ Patel, V., Belkin, G. S., Chockalingam, A., Cooper, J., Saxena, S., Unutzer, J. 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This is a surprisingly large number, however only about 6% of theRead MorePersons Deprived of Liberty1523 Words à |à 7 Pagessociety; ACKNOWLEDGING the inherent dignity of persons deprived of liberty and their right to humane treatment; RECOGNIZING the roles of public institutions including the civil society and the community in upholding the physical, emotional, mental and moral integrity of persons deprived of liberty; VALUING partnerships as a means to deepen dialogue and collaboration among partners and stakeholders from government, civil society and faith-based organizations to protect the rights and enhance alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-27819655000667274402019-12-23T15:59:00.001-08:002019-12-23T15:59:03.284-08:00Comparison between Maus Anne Frank Essay - 1048 Words What if you were a holocaust survivor and asked to describe your catastrophic experience? What part of the event would you begin with, the struggle, the death of innocent Jews, or the cruel witnessed? When survivors are questioned about their experience they shiver from head to toe, recalling what they have been through. Therefore, they use substitutes such as books and diaries to expose these catastrophic events internationally. Books such as Maus, A survivorââ¬â¢s tale by Art Spiegelman, and Anne Frank by Ann Kramer. Spiegelman presents Maus in a comical format; he integrated the significance of Holocaust while maintaining the comic frame structure format, whereas comic books are theoretically supposed to be entertaining. Also, Maus uses aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These two following books are very parallel in the manner that they both focus on their personal experiences with the Holocaust. The one major difference was that Maus was a comic book, while Anne Frank was a biog raphy. By splitting the book in sections Kramer is able to show the reader a sense high degree of organization. Maus, is a very unique book, normally if the story is non-fiction meaning real they would use human figures, but in this book they use animal figures in the form of cats and mice. The use of cat and mouse holds a very deep meaning in this book. Jews are portrayed as mice, while Germans as cats. In holocaust Germans collected and transported Jews to Concentration camps where they were forced to perform labour work against their will and given little or no food, some were even executed depending on their accessibility to work. So the use of animal figures, cats and mice to be specific stands valid. Since cats have a natural instinct of chasing and hunting down mice, the same scenario can be applied to this book and holocaust, where the Nazis as cats executed Jews as mice. This is completely different from Anne Frank, the technique used in this book is ordinary. In Anne alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-1822048570962222252019-12-15T12:28:00.001-08:002019-12-15T12:28:05.496-08:00Acca F7 Free Essays Answers Fundamentals Level ââ¬â Skills Module, Paper F7 (INT) Financial Reporting (International) 1 (a) December 2008 Answers Pedantic Consolidated income statement for the year ended 30 September 2008 $ââ¬â¢000 98,000 (72,000) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 26,000 (3,000) (7,600) (500) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 14,900 (5,400) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 9,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Revenue (85,000 + (42,000 x 6/12) ââ¬â 8,000 intra-group sales) Cost of sales (w (i)) Gross profit Distribution costs (2,000 + (2,000 x 6/12)) Administrative expenses (6,000 + (3,200 x 6/12)) Finance costs (300 + (400 x 6/12)) Profit before tax Income tax expense (4,700 + (1,400 x 6/12)) Profit for the year Attributable to: Equity holders of the parent Non-controlling interest (((3,000 x 6/12) ââ¬â (800 URP + 200 depreciation)) x 40%) (b) 9,300 200 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 9,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Consolidated statement of financial position as at 30 September 2008 Assets Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment (40,600 + 12,600 + 2,000 ââ¬â 200 depreciation adjustment (w (i))) Goodwill (w (ii)) Current assets (w (iii)) Total assets Equity and liabilities Equity attributable to owners of the parent Equity shares of $1 each ((10, 000 + 1,600) w (ii)) Share premium (w (ii)) Retained earnings (w (iv)) 55,000 4,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 59,500 21,400 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 80,900 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 11,600 ,000 35,700 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 55,300 6,100 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 61,400 Non-controlling interest (w (v)) Total equity Non-current liabilities 10% loan notes (4,000 + 3,000) 7,000 Current liabilities (8,200 + 4,700 ââ¬â 400 intra-group balance) 12,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 80,900 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Total equity and liabilities Workings (figures in brackets in $ââ¬â¢000) (i) Cost of sales Pedantic Sophistic (32,000 x 6/12) Intra-group sales URP in inventory Additional depreciation (2,000/5 years x 6/12) $ââ¬â¢000 63,000 16,000 (8,000) 800 200 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 72,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â The unrealised profit (URP) in inventory is calculated as ($8 million ââ¬â $5à ·2 million) x 40/140 = $800,000. 1 (ii) Goodwill in Sophistic Investment at cost Shares (4,000 x 60% x 2/3 x $6) Less ââ¬â Equity shares of Sophistic (4,000 x 60%) ââ¬â pre-acquisition reserves (5,000 x 60% see below) ââ¬â fair value adjustment (2,000 x 60%) $ââ¬â¢000 (2,400) (3,000) (1,200) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Parentââ¬â¢s goodwill Non-controlling interestââ¬â¢s goodwill (per question) Total goodwill The pre-acquisition reserves are: At 30 September 2008 Earned in the post acquisition period (3,000 x 6/12) Alternative calculation for goodwill in Sophistic Investment at cost (as above) Fair value of non-controlling interest (see below) Cost of the controlling interest Less fair value of net assets at acquisition (4,000 + 5,000 + 2,000) Total goodwill Fair value of non-controlling interest (at acquisition) Share of fair value of net assets (11,000 x 40%) Attributable goodwill per question $ââ¬â¢000 9,600 (6,600) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 3,000 1,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 4,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 6,500 (1,500) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 5,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 9,600 5,900 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 15,500 (11,000) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 4,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 4,400 1,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 5,900 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â The 1à ·6 million shares (4,000 x 60% x 2/3) issued by Pedantic would be recorded as share capital of $1à ·6 million and share premium of $8 million (1,600 x $5). $ââ¬â¢000 16,000 6,600 (800) 200 (600) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 21,400 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â (iii) Current assets Pedantic Sophistic URP in inventory Cash in transit Intra-group balance (iv) Retained earnings Pedantic per statement of financial position Sophisticââ¬â¢s post acquisition profit (((3,000 x 6/12) ââ¬â (800 URP + 200 depreciation)) x 60%) (v) Non-controlling interest (in statement of financial position) Net assets per statement of financial position URP in inventory Net fair value adjustment (2,000 ââ¬â 200) Share of goodwill (per question) 12 $ââ¬â¢000 35,400 300 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 35,700 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 10,500 (800) 1,800 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 11,500 x 40% = 4,600 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 1,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬ââ⠬âââ¬â 6,100 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â (a) Candel ââ¬â Statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 30 September 2008 $ââ¬â¢000 297,500 (225,400) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 72,100 (14,500) (21,900) (1,400) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 34,300 (11,600) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 22,700 Revenue (300,000 ââ¬â 2,500) Cost of sales (w (i)) Gross profit Distribution costs Administrative expenses (22,200 ââ¬â 400 + 100 see note below) Finance costs (200 + 1,200 (w (ii))) Profit before tax (Income tax expense (11,400 + (6,000 ââ¬â 5,800 deferred tax)) Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Loss on leasehold property revaluation (w (iii)) (4,500) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Total comprehensive income for the year 8,200 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Note: as it is considered that the outcome of the legal action against Candel is unlikely to succeed (only a 20% chance) it is inappropriate to provide for any damages. We will write a custom essay sample on Acca F7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The potential damages are an example of a contingent liability which should be disclosed (at $2 million) as a note to the financial statements. The unrecoverable legal costs are a liability (the start of the legal action is a past event) and should be provided for in full. (b) Candel ââ¬â Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 30 September 2008 Balances at 1 October 2007 Dividend Comprehensive income Balances at 30 September 2008 (c) Equity shares $ââ¬â¢000 50,000 Revaluation reserve $ââ¬â¢000 10,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 50,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â (4,500) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 5,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Retained earnings $ââ¬â¢000 24,500 (6,000) 22,700 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 41,200 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Total equity $ââ¬â¢000 84,500 (6,000) 18,200 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 96,700 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â $ââ¬â¢000 $ââ¬â¢000 Candel ââ¬â Statement of financial position as at 30 September 2008 Assets Non-current assets (w (iii)) Property, plant and equipment (43,000 + 38,400) Development costs 81,400 14,800 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 96,200 Current assets Inventory Tra de receivables 20,000 43,100 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Total assets Equity and liabilities: Equity (from (b)) Equity shares of 25 cents each Revaluation reserve Retained earnings 63,100 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 159,300 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 50,000 5,500 41,200 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Non-current liabilities Deferred tax 8% redeemable preference shares (20,000 + 400 (w (ii))) Current liabilities Trade payables (23,800 ââ¬â 400 + 100 ââ¬â re legal action) Bank overdraft Current tax payable Total equity and liabilities 13 6,000 20,400 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 23,500 1,300 11,400 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 46,700 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 96,700 26,400 36,200 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 159,300 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Workings (figures in brackets in $ââ¬â¢000) (i) Cost of sales: Per trial balan ce Depreciation (w (iii)) ââ¬â leasehold property ââ¬â plant and equipment Loss on disposal of plant (4,000 ââ¬â 2,500) Amortisation of development costs (w (iii)) Research and development expensed (1,400 + 2,400 (w (iii))) (ii) $ââ¬â¢000 204,000 2,500 9,600 1,500 4,000 3,800 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 225,400 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â The finance cost of $1à ·2 million for the preference shares is based on the effective rate of 12% applied to $20 million issue proceeds of the shares for the six months they have been in issue (20m x 12% x 6/12). The dividend paid of $800,000 is based on the nominal rate of 8%. The additional $400,000 (accrual) is added to the carrying amount of the preference shares in the statement of financial position. As these shares are redeemable they are treated as debt and their dividend is treated as a finance cost. (iii) Non-current assets: Leasehold property Valuation at 1 October 2007 Depreciation for year (20 year life) 50,000 (2,500) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 47,500 (43,000) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 4,500 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Carrying amount at date of revaluation Valuation at 30 September 2008 Revaluation deficit Plant and equipment per trial balance (76,600 ââ¬â 24,600) Disposal (8,000 ââ¬â 4,000) Depreciation for year (20%) Carrying amount at 30 September 2008 Capitalised/deferred development costs Carrying amount at 1 October 2007 (20,000 ââ¬â 6,000) Amortised for year (20,000 x 20%) Capitalised during year (800 x 6 months) Carrying amount at 30 September 2008 $ââ¬â¢000 52,000 (4,000) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 48,000 (9,600) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 38,400 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 14,000 (4,000) 4,800 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 14,800 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â Note: development costs can only be treated as an asset from the point where they meet the recognition criteria in IAS 38 Intangible assets. Thus development costs from 1 April to 30 September 2008 of $4à ·8 million (800 x 6 months) can be capitalised. These will not be amortised as the project is still in development. The research costs of $1à ·4 million plus three monthsââ¬â¢ development costs of $2à ·4 million (800 x 3 months) (i. . those incurred before 1 April 2008) are treated as an expense. 3 (a) Eq uivalent ratios from the financial statements of Merlot (workings in $ââ¬â¢000) Return on year end capital employed (ROCE) Pre tax return on equity (ROE) Net asset turnover Gross profit margin Operating profit margin Current ratio Closing inventory holding period Trade receivablesââ¬â¢ collection period Trade payablesââ¬â¢ payment period Gearing Interest cover Dividend cover 20à ·9% 50% 2à ·3 times 12à ·2% 9à ·8% 1à ·3:1 73 days 66 days 77 days 71% 3à ·3 times 1à ·4 times (1,400 + 590)/(2,800 + 3,200 + 500 + 3,000) x 100 ,400/2,800 x 100 20,500/(14,800 ââ¬â 5,700) 2,500/20,500 x 100 2,000/20,500 x 100 7,300/5,700 3,600/18,000 x 365 3,700/20,500 x 365 3,800/18,000 x 365 (3,200 + 500 + 3,000)/9,500 x 100 2,000/600 1,000/700 As per the question, Merlotââ¬â¢s obligations under finance leases (3,200 + 500) have been treated as debt when calculating the ROCE and gearing ratios. 14 (b) Assessment of the relative performance and financial position of Grappa and Merlot for the year ended 30 September 2008 Introduction This report is based on the draft financial statements supplied and the ratios shown in (a) above. Although covering many aspects of performance and financial position, the report has been approached from the point of view of a prospective acquisition of the entire equity of one of the two companies. Profitability The ROCE of 20à ·9% of Merlot is far superior to the 14à ·8% return achieved by Grappa. ROCE is traditionally seen as a measure of managementââ¬â¢s overall efficiency in the use of the finance/assets at its disposal. More detailed analysis reveals that Merlotââ¬â¢s superior performance is due to its efficiency in the use of its net assets; it achieved a net asset turnover of 2à ·3 times compared to only 1à ·2 times for Grappa. Put another way, Merlot makes sales of $2à ·30 per $1 invested in net assets compared to sales of only $1à ·20 per $1 invested for Grappa. The other element contributing to the ROCE is profit margins. In this area Merlotââ¬â¢s overall performance is slightly inferior to that of Grappa, gross profit margins are almost identical, but Grappaââ¬â¢s operating profit margin is 10à ·5% compared to Merlotââ¬â¢s 9à ·8%. In this situation, where one companyââ¬â¢s ROCE is superior to anotherââ¬â¢s it is useful to look behind the figures and consider possible reasons for the superiority other than the obvious one of greater efficiency on Merlotââ¬â¢s part. A major component of the ROCE is normally the carrying amount of the non-current assets. Consideration of these in this case reveals some interesting issues. Merlot does not own its premises whereas Grappa does. Such a situation would not necessarily give a ROCE advantage to either company as the increase in capital employed of a company owning its factory would be compensated by a higher return due to not having a rental expense (and vice versa). If Merlotââ¬â¢s rental cost, as a percentage of the value of the related factory, was less than its overall ROCE, then it would be contributing to its higher ROCE. There is insufficient information to determine this. Another relevant point may be that Merlotââ¬â¢s owned plant is nearing the end of its useful life (carrying amount is only 22% of its cost) and the company seems to be replacing owned plant with leased plant. Again this does not necessarily give Merlot an advantage, but the finance cost of the leased assets at only 7à ·5% is much lower than the overall ROCE (of either company) and therefore this does help to improve Merlotââ¬â¢s ROCE. The other important issue within the composition of the ROCE is the valuation basis of the companiesââ¬â¢ non-current assets. From the question, it appears that Grappaââ¬â¢s factory is at current value (there is a property revaluation reserve) and note (ii) of the question indicates the use of historical cost for plant. The use of current value for the factory (as opposed to historical cost) will be adversely impacting on Grappaââ¬â¢s ROCE. Merlot does not suffer this deterioration as it does not own its factory. The ROCE measures the overall efficiency of management; however, as Victular is considering buying the equity of one of the two companies, it would be useful to consider the return on equity (ROE) ââ¬â as this is what Victular is buying. The ratios calculated are based on pre-tax profits; this takes into account finance costs, but does not cause taxation issues to distort the comparison. Clearly Merlotââ¬â¢s ROE at 50% is far superior to Grappaââ¬â¢s 19à ·1%. Again the issue of the revaluation of Grappaââ¬â¢s factory is making this ratio appear comparatively worse (than it would be if there had not been a revaluation). In these circumstances it would be more meaningful if the ROE was calculated based on the asking price of each company (which has not been disclosed) as this would effectively be the carrying amount of the relevant equity for Victular. Gearing From the gearing ratio it can be seen that 71% of Merlotââ¬â¢s assets are financed by borrowings (39% is attributable to Merlotââ¬â¢s policy of leasing its plant). This is very high in absolute terms and double Grappaââ¬â¢s level of gearing. The effect of gearing means that all of the profit after finance costs is attributable to the equity even though (in Merlotââ¬â¢s case) the equity represents only 29% of the financing of the net assets. Whilst this may seem advantageous to the equity shareholders of Merlot, it does not come without risk. The interest cover of Merlot is only 3à ·3 times whereas that of Grappa is 6 times. Merlotââ¬â¢s low interest cover is a direct consequence of its high gearing and it makes profits vulnerable to relatively small changes in operating activity. For example, small reductions in sales, profit margins or small increases in operating expenses could result in losses and mean that interest charges would not be covered. Another observation is that Grappa has been able to take advantage of the receipt of government grants; Merlot has not. This may be due to Grappa purchasing its plant (which may then be eligible for grants) whereas Merlot leases its plant. It may be that the lessor has received any grants available on the purchase of the plant and passed some of this benefit on to Merlot via lower lease finance costs (at 7à ·5% per annum, this is considerably lower than Merlot has to pay on its 10% loan notes). Liquidity Both companies have relatively low liquid ratios of 1à ·2 and 1à ·3 for Grappa and Merlot respectively, although at least Grappa has $600,000 in the bank whereas Merlot has a $1à ·2 million overdraft. In this respect Merlotââ¬â¢s policy of high dividend payouts (leading to a low dividend cover and low retained earnings) is very questionable. Looking in more depth, both companies have similar inventory days; Merlot collects its receivables one week earlier than Grappa (perhaps its credit control procedures are more active due to its large overdraft), and of notable difference is that Grappa receives (or takes) a lot longer credit period from its suppliers (108 days compared to 77 days). This may be a reflection of Grappa being able to negotiate better credit terms because it has a higher credit rating. Summary Although both companies may operate in a similar industry and have similar profits after tax, they would represent very different purchases. Merlotââ¬â¢s sales revenues are over 70% more than those of Grappa, it is financed by high levels of debt, it rents rather than owns property and it chooses to lease rather than buy its replacement plant. Also its remaining owned plant is nearing the end of its life. Its replacement will either require a cash injection if it is to be purchased (Merlotââ¬â¢s overdraft of 15 $1à ·2 million already requires serious attention) or create even higher levels of gearing if it continues its policy of leasing. In short although Merlotââ¬â¢s overall return seems more attractive than that of Grappa, it would represent a much more risky investment. Ultimately the investment decision may be determined by Victularââ¬â¢s attitude to risk, possible synergies with its existing business activities, and not least, by the asking price for each investment (which has not been disclosed to us). (c) The generally recognised potential problems of using ratios for comparison purposes are: ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â inconsistent definitions of ratios financial statements may have been deliberately manipulated (creative accounting) different companies may adopt different accounting policies (e. g. use of historical costs compared to current values) different managerial policies (e. . different companies offer customers different payment terms) statement of financial position figures may not be representative of average values throughout the year (this can be caused by seasonal trading or a large acquisition of non-current assets near the year end) the impact of price changes over time/distortion caused by inflatio n When deciding whether to purchase a company, Victular should consider the following additional useful information: ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â 4 in this case the analysis has been made on the draft financial statements; these may be unreliable or change when being finalised. Audited financial statements would add credibility and reliance to the analysis (assuming they receive an unmodified Auditorsââ¬â¢ Report). forward looking information such as profit and financial position forecasts, capital expenditure and cash budgets and the level of orders on the books. the current (fair) values of assets being acquired. the level of risk within a business. Highly profitable companies may also be highly risky, whereas a less profitable company may have more stable ââ¬Ëqualityââ¬â¢ earnings not least would be the expected price to acquire a company. It may be that a poorer performing business may be a more attractive purchase because it is relatively cheaper and may offer more opportunity for improving efficiencies and profit growth. (a) A liability is a present obligation of an entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of economic benefits (normally cash). Provisions are defined as liabilities of uncertain timing or amount, i. e. they are normally estimates. In essence provisions should be recognised if they meet the definition of a liability. Equally they should not be recognised if they do not meet the definition. A statement of financial position would not give a ââ¬Ëfair representationââ¬â¢ if it did not include all of an entityââ¬â¢s liabilities (or if it did include, as liabilities, items that were not liabilities). These definitions benefit the reliability of financial statements by preventing profits from being ââ¬Ësmoothedââ¬â¢ by making a provision to reduce profit in years when they are high and releasing those provisions to increase profit in years when they are low. It also means that the statement of financial position cannot avoid the immediate recognition of long-term liabilities (such as environmental provisions) on the basis that those liabilities have not matured. (b) (i) Future costs associated with the acquisition/construction and use of non-current assets, such as the environmental costs in this case, should be treated as a liability as soon as they become unavoidable. For Promoil this would be at the same time as the platform is acquired and brought into use. The provision is for the present value of the expected costs and this same amount is treated as part of the cost of the asset. The provision is ââ¬Ëunwoundââ¬â¢ by charging a finance cost to the income statement each year and increasing the provision by the finance cost. Annual depreciation of the asset effectively allocates the (discounted) environmental costs over the life of the asset. Income statement for the year ended 30 September 2008 Depreciation (see below) Finance costs ($6à ·9 million x 8%) Statement of financial position as at 30 September 2008 Non-current assets Cost ($30 million + $6à ·9 million ($15 million x 0à ·46)) Depreciation (over 10 years) Non-current liabilities Environmental provision ($6à ·9 million x 1à ·08) (ii) $ââ¬â¢000 3,690 552 36,900 (3,690) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 33,210 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 7,452 If there was no legal requirement to incur the environmental costs, then Promoil should not provide for them as they do not meet the definition of a liability. Thus the oil platform would be recorded at $30 m illion with $3 million depreciation and there would be no finance costs. However, if Promoil has a published policy that it will voluntarily incur environmental clean up costs of this type (or if this may be implied by its past practice), then this would be evidence of a ââ¬Ëconstructiveââ¬â¢ obligation under IAS 37 and the required treatment of the costs would be the same as in part (i) above. 6 5 Year ended/as at: Income statement Depreciation (see workings) Maintenance (60,000/3 years) Discount received (840,000 x 5%) Staff training Statement of financial position (see below) Property, plant and equipment Cost Accumulated depreciation Carrying amount Workings Manufacturerââ¬â¢s base price Less trade discount (20%) Base cost Freight charges Electrical installation cost Pre-production testing Initial capitalised cost 30 September 2006 30 September 2007 30 September 2008 $ $ $ 180,000 270,000 119,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 (42,000) 40,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬ââ⬠âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 198,000 290,000 139,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 920,000 (180,000) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 740,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 920,000 (450,000) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 470,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 670,000 (119,000) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 551,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â $ 1,050,000 (210,000) ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 840,000 30,000 28,000 22,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬ââ⠬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 920,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â The depreciable amount is $900,000 (920,000 ââ¬â 20,000 residual value) and, based on an estimated machine life of 6,000 hours, this gives depreciation of $150 per machine hour. Therefore depreciation for the year ended 30 September 2006 is $180,000 ($150 x 1,200 hours) and for the year ended 30 September 2007 is $270,000 ($150 x 1,800 hours). Note: early settlement discount, staff training in use of machine and maintenance are all revenue items and cannot be part of capitalised costs. Carrying amount at 1 October 2007 Subsequent expenditure Revised ââ¬Ëcostââ¬â¢ 470,000 200,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â 670,000 ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â The revised depreciable amount is $630,000 (670,000 ââ¬â 40,000 residual value) and with a revised remaining life of 4,500 hours, this gives a depreciation charge of $140 per machine hour. Therefore depreciation for the year ended 30 September 2008 is $119,000 ($140 x 850 hours). 17 Fundamentals Level ââ¬â Skills Module, Paper F7 (INT) Financial Reporting (International) December 2008 Marking Scheme This marking scheme is given as a guide in the context of the suggested answers. Scope is given to markers to award marks for alternative approaches to a question, including relevant comment, and where well-reasoned conclusions are provided. This is particularly the case for written answers where there may be more than one acceptable solution. Marks 1 (a) (b) Income statement: revenue cost of sales distribution costs administrative expenses inance costs income tax non-controlling interest 11/2 3 1/ 2 1 1/ 2 1/ 2 2 9 Statement of financial position: property, plant and equipment goodwill current assets equity shares share premium retained earnings non-controlling interest 10% loan notes current liabilities Total for question 2 (a) (b) (c) Statement of comprehensive income: revenue cost of sales distribution costs administrative expenses finance costs income tax ot her comprehensive income 2 5 11/2 1 1 2 2 1/ 2 1 16 25 1 5 1/ 2 11/2 11/2 11/2 1 12 Statement of changes in equity: rought forward figures dividends comprehensive income 1 1 1 3 Statement of financial position: property, plant and equipment deferred development costs inventory trade receivables deferred tax preference shares trade payables overdraft current tax payable Total for question 19 2 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 1 1 11/2 1/ 2 1 10 25 3 (a) (b) 1 mark per valid comment up to (c) Marks 8 Merlotââ¬â¢s ratios 1 mark per relevant point 12 Total for question 4 5 25 (a) 1 mark per relevant point 5 (b) (i) explanation of treatment depreciation finance cost non-current asset provision 2 1 2 1 7 (ii) figures for asset and depreciation if not a constructive obligation what may cause a constructive obligation subsequent treatment if it is a constructive obligation Total for question 5 1 1 1 3 15 Total for question 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 10 initial capitalised cost upgrade improves efficiency and life (theref ore capitalise) revised carrying amount at 1 October 2007 annual depreciation (1 mark each year) maintenance costs charged at $20,000 each year discount received (in income statement) staff training (not capitalised and charged to income) 20 How to cite Acca F7, Essay examples alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-86993660876404613782019-12-07T09:12:00.001-08:002019-12-07T09:12:03.481-08:00Unbreakable Protagonist David Dunn Essay Example For Students Unbreakable Protagonist David Dunn Essay Weve all seen the typical superhero in every superhero film. Theyre all similar in a way and we dont realize it. They all go through similar stages of becoming a hero. David Dunn, from the film Unbreakable? is the so called superhero? of the film. This main superhero was rather different than other heroes. There were differences and similarities, which almost made the film quite unique. It didnt feel like your typical action filled superhero movie. Instead, it was a more realistic approach to the modern hero ? of this century. In the history of all superheroes, most of them become a hero out of their own will. But this will doesnt come empty-handed. Theres always some grief, sacrifice, or loss to persuade the powerful being into becoming stronger. Some do it to seek out of revenge; others may do it to save the world from tragedies. These superheroes are always lonely. Most of them live alone, dont have parents, and hide themselves from the rest of the world. This was only the standard of most heroes. When we think of a sacrifice, we think of an individual losing his/her parents, or some sort of damage/curse to the environment. This is what drives the individual to undergo changes to become this hero in the state of mind. Campbell describes this as a part of an individuals life that separates them from everyone else. For example, if a child saw his parents die, he would lose part of his childhood and move on to adulthood. That child would separate his perspective towards life compared to every other child normally would. He could lose their humanity and become this powerful being, not afraid of his enemies or the risk for his revenge. People like Batman who lose their parents to an enemy, seeks out revenge by using money and technology. Something like this could easily motivate a person to get their hands dirty and save lives. In Joseph Campbells Interview with Bill Moyers, the discussion of heroes and their heroic journeys are told. The hero? undergoes certain aspects to become this hero character. Some of these aspects include corruption, purification, and polarity. A hero has to have some sort of drive and dedication, or purpose for fulfilling such a difficult role. Its not easy at all. There needs to be more than dedication. Anyone can have a purpose, but do they have what it takes? Are they afraid? Can they really be of any use to humanity? In Unbreakable, David Dunn didnt lose any parents, didnt seek out revenge, or lose something precious to him. Instead, it was his son who pushed him to attempt to abuse his supernatural abilities. Soon afterward, he would test those abilities by saving people and hurting bad guys. This was more of experimentation rather than a motivation to help people. Its different from the typical superhero, but was still a method to save lives. Its not easy to persuade somebody to risk their lives to save lives. But because David didnt have much to lose, it was a good decision. What makes them a superhero might not be his/her power, but their own will to help others. Superhuman abilities are only part of the equation. Something that intrigued me about Unbreakable was the fact that David Dunn didnt have any special abilities to fight with. His only ability would be that hes nearly immortal (except from water) and cant get hurt. It gave a more realistic ability rather than some special power that would give it an unrealistic scene. Nowadays when you look at the news and hear stories of people saving others in certain accidents or tragedies, they get labeled as heroes?. They didnt use any superhuman powers to save lives. It was simply the will and kindness to risk your life to save others. During the interview, Campbell explains what water is; how it symbolizes a step or path to change. Its accepting the past and moving forward, like crossing a one way bridge. I think of the water as some sort of purification. The water purifies the hero to become different inside, to change his/her self to get out of danger. .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 , .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 .postImageUrl , .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 , .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40:hover , .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40:visited , .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40:active { border:0!important; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40:active , .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40 .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43f469694ca30230805907b381781d40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Steven Spielberg and Quentin Tarantino EssayLike his example of the Indian women who crossed the river, she had two choices to make: To move forward and survive, or to stay weak and fall to her death. She has a chance to make up her past mistakes by moving toward. In unbreakable, this seemed all too familiar. David Dunn, who has a weakness against water, falls right into a pool of water. This step of the journey is the hardest part. He nearly dies, and tries to get back up and almost fails. When he gets back up, hes going through this same process that Campbell describes it as. Its transaction of going down to the underworld and coming up. When David and his son go down to the basement to try and lift some weights, theyre going down to the underworld. When he comes back up, he feels more confident to himself. He comes back up as a different man. David has been through many similar and different aspects that most superheroes go through. Although he didnt have a loss that motivates revenge, his reasoning for saving lives was good enough. He goes through the same process of the underworld/water transaction and comes out a different man. His abilities may not be as unique like other heroes, but as long as he can save lives, hes still considered a hero. alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-11095330666527911042019-11-29T20:53:00.001-08:002019-11-29T20:53:04.410-08:00Servant Leadership free essay sample A few famous examples of servant leaders are George Washington, Gandi and Caesar Chavez. Key Principles In a publication released by Nova Southeastern University, 10 principle characteristics were identified of servant leadership (Leadership development -, 2007). 1. Listening Listening skills are vital for all leadership styles. Servant leaders make a deep commitment to intently listen to others. They seek to identify the will of a group or individual and listen to what is being said. 2. Empathy It is important to understand and have compassion for others. People need to feel accepted and recognized for their unique qualities. Leaders must assume the good intentions and not reject them as people. 3. Healing Learning to heal is a powerful force for transformation and integration. A greatest strength of servant leaders is the potential to heal oneââ¬â¢s self and others. 4. Awareness General awareness, especially self-awareness, strengthens the servant leaders. 5. Persuasion Leaders rely on persuasion rather than positional, authoritative, decision making. We will write a custom essay sample on Servant Leadership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Seeking to convince others, rather than coerce, is a goal of the leader. 6. Conceptualize Dreaming great dreamsâ⬠is an ability that must be self-nurtured in a leader. The ability to look at a quandary from a conceptualizing perspective means a leader must think beyond everyday realities. Leaders must seek balance conceptualization and day to day focus. 7. Foresight Foresight enables a leader to capitalize on lessons learned from the past, realities of the present and a likely outcome of a decision. 8. Stewardship Greenleafââ¬â¢s view of all institutions was one in which CEOââ¬â¢s, staff, directors and trustees all play significant roles in holding institutions in trust for the greater good of society. . Commitment to the Growth of People Leaders believe people have an intrinsic value beyond tangible contributions as workers. As a result, genuine interest in the spiritual, professional and personal growth of all employees is demonstrated. 10. Building Community Leaders se ek to identify a means for building a sense of community among those who work in a given institution. Differences from Other Styles In the approach on general leadership characteristics, the fundamental difference is authentic leaderships strive to be ââ¬Å"realâ⬠, whereas servant leaders strive to be ââ¬Å"right. Servant leadership is a style that lays down a set of characteristics that all leaders are supposed to emulate to attain success, and tries to shape the character and personality of the leader. On the other hand, authentic leaders tend to rely on their own unique set of experiences and style that has been learned and developed throughout their career. The main difference between servant and authentic styles, when applying into practice, is the serving of others. One of the primary applications is to give priority to the interest of others. Servant leaders exercise their duty by fulfilling needs, aspirations and duties of those in their organization. Authentic leaders donââ¬â¢t put much emphasis in responding to the needs or desires of others. Servant leadersââ¬â¢ style recommends listening, persuading, and empathy when approaching difficult situations, even in times of crisis. Authentic leaders are proactive and adapt their style to the situation. These leaders can be inspiring in one situation and tough about people related issues in another (Nayab, 2010). Strengths/Weaknesses (Nayab, 2011) Strengths 1. Contribution to organizational development. Leaders proactively set the way, and will inspire subordinates to perform by empowering them to follow. Such inspiration leads to collective efforts, creating a synergy. 2. Contribution to the all-around development of the employee. The leader helps employees attain physical and intellectual vitality and fitness, allowing them to lead balance lives. 3. Servant leadershipââ¬â¢s value based approach helps organizations in the business environment where values, empowerment, and commitment play a big role in success. Weaknesses 1. The soft approach does not fit well into a competitive environment. Servant leaders may lag behind those other styles better suited for a competitive environment. Accountability and responsibility may get diluted. 2. Does not always work or resolve issues related to employee-organization fit. A primary function of all leaders is to match candidates with organization objectives. Servant leaders put the individualââ¬â¢s goals/needs as the primary concern. 3. Building a sense of ââ¬Å"communityâ⬠among team members may not fit well for all members. Many wish not to share personal lives or aspirations with others at work. Personal Reflection Servant leadership may apply best in certain situations such as politics or association management. But in its purest theory, I am not convinced servant leadership is a practical leadership style 100% of the time, for any type of business. It does have many qualities that I agree with, and practice a large extent of the time. For example, I view everyone I work with as a customer. I see it as my responsibility to help them achieve success in their role. It is my duty to provide them with every resource needed in order to succeed, and it is their duty to tell me what they need. Sometimes, that includes a holistic approach, and sometimes it is as simple as acquiring a printer for them. I tread lightly when personal life problems present themselves, however. I will assist in providing direction for an employee to get the help they need, such as an EAP program, or a Pastor in our ministry development initiative. On the other hand, it is also my duty to provide corrective action, redirection, or other forms of performance feedback when employees stray from goals, objectives, vision, mission or values. As I mentioned, a part of my management style is to serve the needs of subordinates. I canââ¬â¢t deny it isnââ¬â¢t entirely for unselfish reasons. I use it as a motivational tactic to achieve positive outcomes. However, I am sincere in my communications in order to build trust. Good managers put the needs of others ahead of their own. However, good managers cannot put subordinate needs ahead of customers, organizational needs or stakeholder needs. Blending all styles of leadership and adapting to unique situations or people will produce positive outcomes in the long run. However, it is my opinion holding true to only one style of leadership may cause problems for the organization, or an individual manager. References: 1. What is servant leadership?. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. greenleaf. org/whatissl/ 2. Leadership development Servant Leadership. (2007, August 1). Retrieved from http://www. nova. edu/studentleadership/development/servant_leadership. html 3. Nayab, N. (2010, June 8). Servant leadership vs. authentic leadership: What are the differences?. Retrieved from http://www. brighthub. com/office/home/articles/73574. aspx 4. Nayab, N. (2011, May 25). Servant leadership theory strengths and weaknesses. Retrieved from http://www. brighthub. com/office/home/articles/73511. aspx? cid=parsely_rec alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-4397729060421905232019-11-25T20:40:00.001-08:002019-11-25T20:40:04.378-08:00Free Essays on The Naked CitadelThe Naked Citadel reveals a life, hidden behind the walls of a Menââ¬â¢s world. This essay is a revelation of the relations between men as men, as humans and as fighters. These are the three major aspects of the life behind the walls of the Citadel, the manly world. Susan Faludi paints a beautiful picture of this world and the interrelations within its boundaries by putting a woman in the center of her story. Another major aspect of the essay is the tradition as a social value and as a limit. The essay gives an excellent example of how, sometimes, especially in the past centuries, traditions shaped peopleââ¬â¢s life and narrowed the scope of peopleââ¬â¢s dreams. It also shows how difficult it is to change traditions. The Citadel is a public military college established in 1822. It is a high-ranking institution with well-established traditions. All of the cadets are men, because army is, or used to be only menââ¬â¢s universe, and not just menââ¬â¢s universe, but the strongest and most brave menââ¬â¢s universe. The academy is an institution in which men looking to serve their country and be given a top rate education seek interest. It is a place where young man are taught how to act and communicate like man, how to be prepared to the real world and face difficulties-ââ¬Å"To bravely face difficulties, not to complain, and not to give upâ⬠are some of the rules in Citadelââ¬â¢s code. In the Citadel a boy is remolded ââ¬Å"into the whole manâ⬠with his identity ââ¬Å"strippedâ⬠. A place where young men go to grow and develop into a man while not being in fear of exposing any "unmanly" like characteristics to the rest of society. Within the society a man is expected to think, act and live in a masculine manner. Showing emotions or sensitivity is considered taboo among the males. In the Citadel a man can act in a manner in which the threat of breaking the public norms is not eminent. The secrecy behind the walls of the academy is something taken very serio... Free Essays on The Naked Citadel Free Essays on The Naked Citadel The Naked Citadel reveals a life, hidden behind the walls of a Menââ¬â¢s world. This essay is a revelation of the relations between men as men, as humans and as fighters. These are the three major aspects of the life behind the walls of the Citadel, the manly world. Susan Faludi paints a beautiful picture of this world and the interrelations within its boundaries by putting a woman in the center of her story. Another major aspect of the essay is the tradition as a social value and as a limit. The essay gives an excellent example of how, sometimes, especially in the past centuries, traditions shaped peopleââ¬â¢s life and narrowed the scope of peopleââ¬â¢s dreams. It also shows how difficult it is to change traditions. The Citadel is a public military college established in 1822. It is a high-ranking institution with well-established traditions. All of the cadets are men, because army is, or used to be only menââ¬â¢s universe, and not just menââ¬â¢s universe, but the strongest and most brave menââ¬â¢s universe. The academy is an institution in which men looking to serve their country and be given a top rate education seek interest. It is a place where young man are taught how to act and communicate like man, how to be prepared to the real world and face difficulties-ââ¬Å"To bravely face difficulties, not to complain, and not to give upâ⬠are some of the rules in Citadelââ¬â¢s code. In the Citadel a boy is remolded ââ¬Å"into the whole manâ⬠with his identity ââ¬Å"strippedâ⬠. A place where young men go to grow and develop into a man while not being in fear of exposing any "unmanly" like characteristics to the rest of society. Within the society a man is expected to think, act and live in a masculine manner. Showing emotions or sensitivity is considered taboo among the males. In the Citadel a man can act in a manner in which the threat of breaking the public norms is not eminent. The secrecy behind the walls of the academy is something taken very serio... alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-68626826066147887552019-11-22T04:04:00.001-08:002019-11-22T04:04:03.746-08:00International Culture and Communication AssignmentInternational Culture and Communication - Assignment Example Be it a major MNC for small-scale business people use the Internet and communicate with various suppliers and customers across the globe to create a wider market for their business. It is evident that the work force in all officer is becoming multicultural and more diverse than ever. The HR department dealing directly with the manpower in every organization should have enough knowledge about the cross cultural factors that might affect the concerned businesses The organization should take enough measures to provide proper training regarding cross-cultural communication to their HR department. The HR department should in turn use their training to impart cultural tolerance among all the employees working in the organization. There is a very close relationship between the HR department and the culture prevalent in the organization. If the HR department adapts a culture friendly outlook, the whole organization will reflect the same mentality. Therefore it is important to encourage such a practice in all HR activities which deals directly with the employees of the organization (Jackson, 2002). The impacts of cross-cultural conflicts will usually be overcome easily or excluded if the organization encourages their workforce to get together on the basis of their personal interests and various other fun activities. The HR department should come up with such activities to promote cross-cultural communication and solve problems through a common understanding. Consider an HR department is selecting a group of people to send overseas for training or auditing. They need to ensure the people sent abroad are given enough briefing about the different culture prevalent in that particular country. Shaking hands or greeting a lady through a hug or a slight kiss is common in the Western countries. But such an act would create great misunderstanding and anger among the alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-35449802857709310292019-11-20T20:08:00.001-08:002019-11-20T20:08:06.296-08:00Margins of society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsMargins of society - Essay Example This creates a jarring impact on the viewers as they are forced to give respect to the subjects that they would otherwise ignore if they get a chance to meet them on the streets. For this paper, three photographs by Arbus would be analyzed, namely Hermaphrodite and a dog in a carnival trailer, A Jewish giant at home with his parents in the Bronx, NY and Child with a toy grenade, Central Park, NY . In this photograph, Arbus has photographed a hermaphrodite. The photograph captures the style and concept of other Arbusââ¬â¢ photograph. The picture seems quite ordinary except for the subject. If the main subject was removed from the picture, there would have been nothing interesting in the picture and yet it is the subject who changes the entire meaning of the picture. The Hermaphrodite stares back at the camera. He is not smiling and neither is he frowning. Rather, it seems that the hermaphrodite is conscious of getting his picture. This, however, does not fit with the body posture of the subject. It is the lack of pose in the body posture that makes the picture more compelling. The picture is quite ordinary in the way the Hermphrodite is relaxing on the chair but it is the same feeling of the oridinary that brings forth the emotion of the viewers to the surface. The picture seems to be challenging the viewer to accept the Hermaphrodite as a part of the society. The subject is partially nude, and yet he does not shy away by attempting to cover himself with his hands. He wears shiny undergarments which show that the subject is getting ready for a show or has just come back from one. The presence of the dog lends a personal touch to the photograph. It tells something about the subject even if it is as ordinary as the fact that the subject owns a dog that loves enough to share the photograph with. It is was not for the title of the photography, many viewers would have missed the small dog lying on the lap of the Hermaphrodite. Arbus, in this alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-91491786724486467982019-11-18T22:37:00.001-08:002019-11-18T22:37:04.842-08:00The Evolution of Skateboard Photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsThe Evolution of Skateboard Photography - Essay Example llenweber 16). A common fact is that skateboarding has evolved from just another hobby to an internationally recognized sport. It is no longer considered to be a preserve of daredevils and adolescents who seek a way to vent their frustrations. For instance, in 1990, people used to skateboard mainly in parks and on the streets (if they found the opportunity to). Skateboarders and their fans then decided that they needed to shed the bad image that was associated with the hobby and turn it into something more appealing and enriching not just to them but also their fans. Eventually, the various skateboarding associations decided that they would market their hobby as a sport by growing it from the community. They established various skateboarding competitions in different neighborhoods different states in America and within no time the trend had caught on. Every neighborhood wanted to have a skateboarding association cum team, and this made the competition stiffer. A short time after this , the various stakeholders decided to make the participation worthwhile by offering prizes to the best performers. They sought financial assistance from local companies and community-based organizations (CBOs) who recognized it as a way of getting young people off the streets and giving them something to do and look forward to. Many young people sat up and took notice, and eventually most of them decided to join this latest ââ¬Ëtrendâ⬠. Within a short time, there were skateboarding championships being held in various states and soon after a national championship was established. Now, it is common knowledge that by the time there is a national championship anywhere (especially in a country like the United States), it means that a sport or hobby has garnered enough attention to warrant such a move (Wu?llenweber 26). Firms started tapping into this new frenzy in order to use it as an advertising avenue (it was particularly strategic because of its popularity among young people) . Through advertising, those companies managed to get the media to cover or even mention skateboarding. By 2009, we had professional skateboarders who supported themselves using the financial benefits they incurred from skateboarding. They were earning thousands of dollars by doing something they loved, and the media had no option but to take notice and accommodate this new sport. Now we have the World Cup of Skateboarding, a global skateboarding federation that organizes the formal World Championships of Skateboarding series that is held in many cities across the world (Bolster & Gesmer 12). This federation is also responsible for organizing and officiating other skateboard contests. Information about Shot Styles and Photography Specifics i) Use a Fisheye Lens Fisheye lens and skateboarding photography go hand in hand. The extremely wide angle lens offers an appealing three-dimensional look (Bolster & Gesmer 22). It allows one to get closer to the subject, capturing where they are from, where they are going, and what they are doing. A fisheye lens also affords your photos a room to breathe while at the same time maintaining a sense of impact. ii) Pre-focus This applies not only to skateboard photography, but also to motion photography or any type of action. iii) Keep a Clean Background The sky provides a perfect background in which to take skate photos. It is also a convenient backdrop to find because skaters tend alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-44632479968238725282019-11-16T11:10:00.001-08:002019-11-16T11:10:06.030-08:00Sports Equity and Inclusion in British RowingSports Equity and Inclusion in British Rowing British Rowing: A critical review Rowing is a sport which involves propelling a boat on a body of water using oars to push against the water and produce a force to move the boat. Rowing itself can be recreational or competitive and competition in rowing can be traced back to Ancient Egypt. Modern rowing as a sport dates back to the 10th Century in London. The arrival of Boat Clubs, for example, the Leander club in England, and the formation of University and public school rowing teams, especially at Oxford, Cambridge, and Eton in the early 18th Century, propelled the popularity of the sport to other Universities and boat clubs around the globe including the U.S and Germany (Burnell, Page, 1997).Ãâà Rowing is also one of the oldest Olympic sports. Initially it was part of the 1896 Olympics but the racing could not go ahead due to bad weather. Since 1900 it has been present at every Olympic Games with competitions ranging from individual races (single scull) to eight-person shells (coxed eight). Rowing has also had women participants from 1976 and Paralympic athletes from 2008 (Olympic Studies Centre, 2015). Despite being an amateur sport, rowing in Britain has always reflected the division of social classes by being synonymous with the more upper classes. Sugden, Tomlinson (2000) support this by suggesting that involvement in Henleys boating regatta can be a clear sign of high social status. Social classes, in their most basic form can be described as a division of a society based on social and economic status (English | Oxford Dictionaries, 2017). Later in the report I will analyse this further using different theories and concepts. During the rise in popularity of sports in Britain in the 18th century some sports, for example, football and Rugby, were more associated with the working and lower middle classes and other sports, for example, tennis and golf, where more associated with the upper middle and upper classes (Wilson, 2002). This can be attributed to all cultural consumption, including sports consumption, which requires the right tastes and preferences as well as knowledge and skills. This is called cultural capital. (Bourdieu, 1986, cited in Holt, 1998). Cultural capital is defined by access to cultural processes and products. These include the way by which educational, social and intellectual knowledge can used to advantage the social and economic position of a particular individual or group (Bourdieu, 1986, cited in Beedie, Craig, 2010, p. 268). The access to higher levels of educational knowledge in the 18th Century was achieved through the public schools which required fees to attend. Therefore, th ey attracted students from more economically advanced backgrounds and wealthy families that could afford the fees. These included schools like Westminster, Harrow, and the previously mentioned Eton (UK Parliament, 2017). As rowing was only available at boat clubs, universities, and public schools, all of which were out of reach to all but the ruling class, rowing became the preserve of the higher classes. People in poverty and low social classes, therefore, found it harder to participate in the sport. Rowing in England today is governed by British Rowing. The organisation was founded in 1882 and oversees both indoor and on-water rowing. They are responsible for the development of rowing in England and the selection of crews and individual rowers that represent Great Britain. They are affiliated with the International Rowing Federation and the International Olympic Committee. British Rowing has roughly 30,000 individual members that range in age from 11 to over 80. Individual members are usually linked to one of 550 associated rowing clubs, which in turn are within ten rowing regions in England. Each region has a regional rowing council and representatives who represent them on British Rowings Council. The British Rowing Council is made up of the members of the Board, the Regional Chairmen, the Honorary President, the Honorary Rowing Safety Adviser, the Regional Representatives, Home Nations Representative, and Honorary Life Vice Presidents (Governance British Rowing, 2017). The m embers of the Board are the Directors of British Rowing who meet regularly to manage the business of the organisation. This is headed by the chairman, Annamarie Phelps, CBE. Together they create and govern the policies and initiatives of British Rowing. This report will look specifically at the Equity and Inclusion policies and initiatives for British Rowing. Equity is about being fair and impartial and examines inequalities resulting from race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, age, religion, or disability (Fletcher, Dashper, 2014). Being inclusive is about providing many different options to suit people of all ages, skills, and backgrounds, in the most appropriate manner that is possible. Therefore, Equity and Inclusion in sport can be defined as being fair and providing a range of opportunities for different people from different backgrounds to participate in sport. By being equitable and inclusive, a sporting organisation, or sport in general, can help to tackle inequalities that are present in wider society. In sociology and sport the idea of inequality has been broadly characterized and has been connected to different political ideologies. Inequality, as characterized from the right, is unavoidable, or is important for society to cope well. Conversely, from the left, inequality is a social detriment and ought to be killed by vote based or progressive means. This can mean democratically via policies and initiatives or even via revolution and forced change. As indicated by Donnelly (1996), Sport by its very nature, produces, and displays inequality. Early research proposed that sport reflected existing inequalities i.e., it was a microcosm of society. Regardless, more critical research of sport has since uncovered that, as opposed to being a passive component and simply reflecting inequality, sport, by means of social operators collaborations with sporting spaces, is effectively involved in creating, repeating, supporting and indeed, acts as a site for resistance when it comes to inequal ity (Dashper, Fletcher, 2013). Jarvie, Thornton (2012) add to this by stating that Inequality is often limited to two notions of inequality namely inequality of condition and inequality of opportunity. Inequality of condition refers to factors such as time, income, occupation, and education, whereas, inequality of opportunity focuses on the individual and the degree of freedom they may have. Equity and inclusion policies should aim to negate these inequalities. In order to correctly analyse the equity and inclusion policies and their impact on a group within society an organisational SWOT analysis will be conducted for British Rowing in regards to their Equity and Inclusion policies and initiatives (Appendix). A SWOT grid / matrix is a grid that highlights the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with an organisation. The strengths are positive factors that are internal to the organisation and within their control. The weakness are also internal factors that may hinder the organisations ability to attain their goals. Opportunities are external factors that the organisation can use and take advantage of in order to progress. Threats are also external factors that could jeopardise the organisations progress.Ãâà Once the grid has been filled the information is analysed to ascertain the limitations and issues affecting the organisation. The benefits of a SWOT analysis are that it is cost free, quick and easy to use, anyone can conduct it, it can highlight strengths, weaknesses, deter threats, capitalise on opportunities, provide a better understanding of the organisation and help develop goals and strategies. There are, however, limitations to a SWOT analysis. A S WOT analysis cannot provide solutions, doesnt prioritise issues, it is open to human error, can produce a lot of useless information and doesnt address complex two sided factors that could be considered a strength or a weakness. Taking these into consideration I have listed 3-5 key points in each grid and will expand on them during the analysis. The first strength that was highlighted was that the British Rowing Equity Policy identified key principles in regards to equity in rowing. It stated that Sports Equity is about fairness in sport, equality of access, recognising inequalities and taking steps to address them. It involves changing the culture and structure of sport to ensure that it becomes equally accessible to all members of society (BRITISH ROWING EQUITY POLICY, 2014). It goes on to explain that no members will be treated differently due to certain factors (age, class, gender etc.) and that anyone can have an equal opportunity to participate. This shows that the equity policy has considered the two notions of inequality as previously discussed and that it will try to address these issues. The second strength highlighted was the implementation of an equity action plan to display their commitment to sports equity. The action plan is 5 points and one key point is the commitment to tackle under representation should eff ort be unevenly distributed. They also state the need to review the policy annually which is good practice. The third strength highlighted was the recognition of the legal requirements to be fair and equitable. This includes The Equality act: 2010 among others. The forth strength highlighted was the Adaptive rowing initiative designed to encourage people with disability to join rowing. Through this initiative, they also recruit people to participate in the Paralympics. This is an excellent strength and one that is surely equitable. The final strength was a statistic from 2013 showing that 52% of new recruits were men and 48% were women which displays a very even split between the two genders. This shows their equity policy is working to break down gender barriers as previous stats showed a 60/40 split in favour of men (British Rowing, 2013). The first weakness in the equity and inclusion initiatives was that participation from state schools remains low. 7% of the U.Ks school children are educated by independent schools but 54% of Great Britains elite rowers from the 2012 Olympic games were educated at independent schools. Those from state schools learnt almost entirely from boat clubs (Brown, 2016). The second weakness was that the cost of equipment/membership. Membership at clubs can be on average à £150-300 for a junior participant and even more for adults (Club rules, forms and prices, 2017 and Smithson, 2017). There is also a membership fee with British Rowing from à £17 for a junior to à £1150 for a lifetime membership. These fees may not be affordable for those who are struggling financially and who are in poverty and therefore the costs of the memberships act as a barrier to participation for those individuals. The final weakness is that equity policy states that British Rowing will publicise this to all employ ees, members, volunteers and officials through its website, Almanack, magazine and club mailings (BRITISH ROWING EQUITY POLICY, 2014). This is good to an extent but there is no mention of publicising its equity policy beyond its members and inner circles. By publicising its equity policy to a wider and more diverse audience in the public it is possible to encourage more participation from individuals that may not realise the opportunity is there to join the sport and that it is inclusive. The first opportunity highlighted was the increased popularity in rowing after the success of the 2012 Olympic games in London. British Rowing endured a spike in new recruits of 12.2% in the final 6 months of 2012 (British Rowing, 2013). British Rowing could take further advantage of this by specifically targeting certain groups in society that have low participation levels. The second opportunity is related to the first. It was that the one of the Olympic legacys goals were Promoting community engagement and achieving participation across all groups in society through the Games (London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Annual Report February 2011). The final opportunity is that rowing is one of Britains most successful sports. They have accumulated 68 medals, including 31 gold, in mens rowing alone at the Olympics, 3rd overall in the history of the games. This can inspire more people to join and be part of the sport. The first threat highlighted was that costs may remain high or even grow with inflation. Costs to participate is a barrier for individuals but the cost for state schools to build facilities and buy equipment, such as boat houses, indoor rowers, storage rooms etc., can be a major factor in state schools deciding not to become involved in rowing. Another threat is that, despite being one of Britains most successful sports, rowing still falls behind other sports such as football, rugby, tennis, cricket, badminton, swimming, and athletics, in terms of popularity (Russell, 2014). Other sports may be more appealing to new participants and sports that are played regularly at both state and independent schools will inevitably have higher participation levels and a more diverse participation pool. The final threat is that now that the 2012 Olympics is long over, and the buzz around rowing is diminishing, the opportunity to encourage state schools and people from social deprivation backgrounds to participate could be fading. From the SWOT analysis, we can see there are issues and challenges for people in social deprivation and in the lower classes of society. To fully understand the context and impact of this, definitions must be understood and sociological theory must be applied. Sociology, as defined by Giddens (2001), is the study of human social life, groups and societies. A theory is a framework for understanding, but it always develops within a particular cultural context and is always provisionalà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ theory provides us with a starting point for our understanding but it begs to be expanded, contradicted, refined, replaced (Birrell, 2000). Therefore, a sociological theory is a framework of understanding around the study of human social life, groups, and societies. Three key terms must also be understood and they are ideology, power, and politics. Ideology is the shared ideas or beliefs which serve to justify the interests of dominant groups (Giddens, 2001). Power is the ability of individ uals, or the members of a group, to achieve aims or further the interests they holdà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ Many conflicts in society are struggles over power (Giddens, Sutton, 2013, p. 584). Politics takes place wherever conflict exists about goals and the method of achieving those goals (Houlihan, 2002). The way in which society develops unequal layers based on wealth, income, status, and power is defined as social stratification (Beedie, Craig, 2010, p. 116). Karl Marxs Conflict Theory can be used to better understand the social stratification from the perspective of poorer groups and less powerful of people. Karl Marxs work on conflict theory can be best understood by taking into consideration the context of the social world in which he lived. He developed his work during the mid-19th Century, which was a time of deep political and social unrest, due to the rapid expanding system of industrial capitalism and the political and economic issues that accompanied it (Foster, 1979). These political and economic tensions helped to further divide society in the form of social classes, that competed against each other, forming a class conflict. The Marxist view on social class can be basically divided into two main groups but the reality is that there are at least four groupings, which Marx identified to a certain extent. They are the lumpenproetariat, the proletariat, the petite bourgeoisie, and the bourgeoisie. They can also be called the underclass, the working class, the middle class, and the upper class. Each have their own problems and goals and are interconnected and interdependent to a ce rtain degree. This makes it hard to allocate class labels at times as it be a fluid and elastic term that is ever changing. Nevertheless, Marx describes the upper class as the class in control of the means of production and the classes below are the ones that make these means possible by selling their labour for wages. This division of labour causes relationships between classes to become exploitative where the upper classes exploit the lower classes by maximising commodity production for profit rather than need. This profit driven ideology is based on and creates inequalities and these inequalities between the classes cause conflict. This relates back to the definition of power where by conflicts in society are struggles over power and that the groups that wield the most power (upper class) can further their aims and interests that they hold. This also then relates back to our definition of politics; that it takes place wherever conflict exists about goals. This explains why some o f the most powerful people in society are located at the summit of politics (Rigauer, Tomlinson, 2002). When applying this sport, it is important to understand, as previously mentioned, that sport can act as a microcosm of society and reflect the fractures and divisions within society. If modern sport was developed in the 19th Century in tandem with the rise of industrial capitalism, then it is understandable that the same divides and conflicts that were in society at the time were reflected in sport. Houlihan and Malcolm (2016) add to this and state that Sport reflects and reproduces the ideologies of capitalism like aggressive individualism, ruthless competition, elitismà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦These ideasà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦in sport, reflect the broader structure of capitalist society. Having considered the historical context of rowing at the beginning of the report, it is clear to see how Sugden, Tomlinson (2000) suggested that rowing was a sport more associated with the upper classes. As rowing as a competitive sport began to form in independent schools, which became less and less accessible to the lower classes with the rise of industrial capitalism, the only class with the opportunity to participate in the sport were the upper classes that attended the high fee paying schools and as a result rowing, with its lack of lower class members became a sport for the upper class in the 19th century.Ãâà Beedie, Craig (2010) support this with an example of the town of Bedford. Bedford is a town with a tradition for rowing due to the River Ouse which flows near it. The grass roots entry points to rowing here were dominated by the fee paying independent schools and thus, any school children from state schools wishing to get involved in rowing had a very little oppor tunity to do so. They go on to state that rowing does not reflect the cosmopolitan diversity of social groups living in Bedford, but instead remains populated by those privileged educationally. Despite conflicts of social classes being less volatile and society being more integrated in the modern era of sport, the class divide in British Rowing is still clear to see. Of the 12 board members in British Rowing, only 2 attended state schools and of all the elite athletes that represented GB, 54% were educated in independent schools. Despite the organisations significant steps to improving inclusion for disability and female participants, it still has an identity as an upper-class sport. This could be further explained again using Marxism as Marx suggests that the ruling elite à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦controls the means of mental production (Storey, 1993). If the people in charge of British Rowing and the lead figures and elite athlete are constantly coming from upper class backgrounds, then the image and idea of rowing being an upper-class sport cannot be changed. As I have previously mentioned, equity and inclusion polices should seek to negate the inequalities associated with that spo rt. One of those inequalities was highlighted as a lack of opportunity for people in poverty and the lower classes as poverty is at the core of exclusion (Collins, Kay, 2014). To combat this inequality and exclusion, I recommend that British Rowing should seek to reach out to other organisations to form a partnership with the goal of bringing more water sports to state schools. Craig, Mellor (2010) state that the recognition of, and involvement in, common activities enables and promotes social cohesion. Therefore, if more and more people from poverty and social deprivation backgrounds can have a better opportunity to participate in rowing it would improve relations between social classes even more and help to alleviate any barriers. For British Rowing, it will also provide a much larger pool of athletes to choose for elite level competition, for example the Olympics, and this could boost Great Britains success in the sport even further. They have proven that initiatives for specific populations (Female, Disability etc.) can improve participation and success in those groups and further effort for people in poverty could boost participation for that group a lso. Other potential means of improving participation could be to place a cap on membership fees so that they cant rise to a level that will become unaffordable to more people. Reaching out to state schools and providing them with equipment would be highly costly to the organisation. As sport becomes more commercialised and media heavy it is perhaps an option for British Rowing to negotiate a TV or sponsorship deal to raise capital for initiatives to improve equity and inclusion in their sport. Events at the Olympics and The Boat Race are the two main televised rowing events. As The Boat Race is one day per year and events at the Olympics only come once every 4 years, opportunity to highlight the sport to wider audience is not as frequent as some of the sports competitors. Staging exhibition races or creating completions for television could get more regular coverage and help to spread interest in rowing and also raise funds for initiatives to improve equity and inclusion. As sport not only reflects society but also helps to shape it, by using rowing to break down social barriers within the sport, and within social groups, society too may be effected in a positive way. Breaking down these barriers will help to provide more opportunities for participation and to be more fair and equal. alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802444411227989459.post-18118937559408941112019-11-13T23:40:00.001-08:002019-11-13T23:40:04.578-08:00Quiet Revolution Essay -- Canadian HistoryIn 1960, a series of swift and sweeping reforms, were in processing in Quebec, and the reforms carried out by Jean Lesage, who is the leader of Quebec Liberal Party. This term was commonly believed for six years from 1960 to 1966 (Cuccioletta & Lubin, 2003). Before the Quiet Revolution, Quebec was under control of its leader Maurice Duplessis, who is an ideologically conservative traditional politician. He insisted on preserving the traditional role of Quebec from 1944 to 1959. It is believed that some policies of Duplessisââ¬â¢s regime were regarded as the factors that resulted in the Quiet Revolution. In the first place, Duplessis has dominated Quebecââ¬â¢s economy in his term as the leader of government, and he almost expropriated the autonomy of his ministers and place Quebecââ¬â¢s economy in the hand of foreign companies. The profile of Quebec before the Quiet Revolution is a church-ridden and agricultural society while some other North American countries were industrialized ones in the same time period (Behiels, 1985, P. xi). Duplessis encouraged and entrusted the development of Quebec economy to the English-speaking Canadians and some foreign companies. At the meantime, he set barriers, and even block the development to French-Canadiansââ¬â¢ economic groups. Therefore, foreign companies and English-Canadians owned much more power and rights than the French-Canadians; francophones have no choice but to work for Anglophone and foreign companies. Nevertheless, French-Canadians still obtained much lower wages compared to English-speaking workers. These unfair treatments to francophones led to unsatisfied of the contemporary government. Besides supporting the English-speaking and foreign economy, in Duplessis era, positive interference of unio... ...identity regarded themselves as Quebecers but French-Canadians no longer. Works Cited Behiels, M.D (1985). Prelude to Quebec's Quiet Revolution: Liberalism versus Neo-nationalism 1945-1960. Kinston and Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. Gagnon, A.G & Montcalm, M.B (1990). Quebec: Beyond The Quiet Revolution . Scarborough: Nelson Canada. Cuccioletta, D. & Lubin, M. (2003, September 22). Article: The Quebec quiet revolution: a noisy evolution. Retrieved February 14, 2011 http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-118986705.html Gauvreau, M. (2005). The Catholic origins of Quebec's Quiet Revolution, 1931-1970. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press Clibbon, J. (2010, June 21). Re-examining the roots of Quebecââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËQuiet Revolutionââ¬â¢. Retrieved 2 24, 2o11, from CBCNews. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2010/06/18/f-quebec-conradblack-interview.html alfredobrown1972http://www.blogger.com/profile/03686017207292041917noreply@blogger.com0