Race and Female Body Image essays

Race and Female Body Image expositions The theme that we decided to look into was race and female self-perception. We just inquired about African American ladies and Caucasian ladies since we needed to see the complexity of the two. One of our speculations was that there would be a distinction in the manner ladies of various races apparent our bodies. Further, we speculated that African American ladies would have a more inspirational attitude toward self-perception than Caucasian ladies. Another speculation was that African American ladies that grew up with companions of a similar ethnicity would have a progressively positive self-perception. Additionally, African American ladies that grew up with friends of an alternate ethnicity were anticipated to have a progressively negative attitude toward self-perception. The principal part of self-perception we tried was the means by which frequently our respondents pondered their weight. Of the 60 respondents, in the wake of running a crosstabulation among race and how frequently ladies pondered their weight, 36.7 percent of them considered their weight regularly and 36.7 percent of them contemplated their weight now and again. The larger part, 73.4 percent, were in these two classes (once in a while and regularly). When separating the segment of race between the ladies, there was a distinction in how frequently each race considered their weight. 20 percent of the African American ladies announced that they considered their weight for all intents and purposes never, 40 percent detailed they pondered their weight now and again, and 25.7 percent said they contemplated their weight regularly. With the Caucasian ladies, there were zero reports that they contemplated their weight for all intents and purposes never with 32 percent announcing they consider their weight once in a while and the dominant part, 52 percent revealing they consider their weight frequently (table 1.2). What these rates let us know is that there are less Caucasian ladies that think about their weight essentially never and more that think about their weight frequently than those detailed by the African American women.... <!

Factors Declining Profit of Coles in Australia-Free-Samples

Question: Break down the variables liable for declining benefit of Coles in Australia. Answer: Issue Statement The retail business is Australia is blasting and there is exceptional rivalry among the organizations in the market. Coles is one such grocery store retail organization catching enormous offer in the market. Be that as it may, in the ongoing years, the benefits of the association have been declining and have neglected to keep up their force because of the savage rivalry from Woolworths and ALDI (Nakos, 2017). These two organizations are the greatest opponents of Coles and have had the option to expand their development and offer in the market. This examination is centered around distinguishing the different reasons which are liable for the decrease in hierarchical development, deals and piece of the pie. The association has been putting forth attempts to change the association regarding administration, quality and worth. Nonetheless, the association has not been effective in their endeavors which are reflected in their hierarchical development, deals and other monetary information. The fast development approach utilized by the rivals in the market is something which Coles couldn't counter that considers their money related year. The online retail industry is likewise expected to develop at a pace of 12.4% in the up and coming five years so this is a vital period for the association as they can skip back and recover their upper hand in the market (Chung, 2017). Point and target The examination will mean to recognize the various variables liable for the declining benefits of Coles Supermarket. The various elements liable for association execution will be recognized to give important discoveries. To recognize the various variables liable for declining benefits of the association named Coles Supermarket To assess these elements to distinguish the underlying driver of these issues looked by Coles To prescribe reasonable methodologies required to improve the benefits, development and piece of the overall industry of Coles Research questions What are the various variables liable for declining benefits of the association named Coles Supermarket? What is the main drivers for the declining benefit of Coles Supermarket in Australia? System This investigation will utilize an illustrative research where the examination will investigate distinctive research writing. The procedure for the examination is picked dependent on the idea of the investigation. Research theory manages giving mindfulness about the various strategies in the investigation. The examination theory that will be utilized is interpretivism (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). Interpretivism is a way of thinking which will investigate important information to create significant speculations which might be material to the examination. Along these lines, subjectivism is the premise of the exploration and is reliant on utilizing auxiliary information for look into. In this manner, the investigation will utilize inductive methodology where the examination will expect to grow new speculations and speculations dependent on the obtained information. The investigation will utilize non-probabilistic inspecting technique for gathering information as the informational col lection is little (Flick, 2015). The dependability and the legitimacy of the examination should be kept high and in this manner, the outcomes will be cross checked utilizing other material sources. It is fundamental to keep up the moral part of the examination in this setting by utilizing just applicable articles (Ikpeze, 2015). The information that will be utilized ought not be controlled to shape wanted discoveries and ends. Information assortment and examination In this investigation, optional information will be gathered from various companion audit diaries, articles and sites. The investigation will utilize mono technique and topical examination is the premise of creating significant discoveries (Humphries, 2017). In topical investigation, the examination will break down comparative cases to recognize careful purposes behind the reason for decline in net revenue. Besides, the examples inside the information gathered will likewise be dissected to create pertinent discoveries in the investigation (Palinkas et al., 2015). The examination will likewise incorporate quantitative information gathered from the yearly report of Coles. The information gathered from the yearly report of Coles will give an alternate measurement to the examination. References Chung, F. (2017).Coles kept on executing its client drove strategy.NewsComAu. Recovered 28 March 2018, from https://www.news.com.au/account/business/retail/coles-benefit falls-135-percent-to-16-billion/report/3ab5ec55c22f92f7829b86ed8e18e6ba Flick, U. (2015).Introducing examination strategy: A learner's manual for doing an exploration venture. Sage. Humphries, B. (2017).Re-thinking social research: against unfair methodologies in look into approach. Taylor Francis. Ikpeze, C. H. (2015). Information Collection and Analysis. InTeaching across Cultures(pp. 29-37). SensePublishers, Rotterdam. Nakos, N. (2017).Coles piece of the overall industry in Australia has declined | Australian Food News.Ausfoodnews.com.au. Recovered 28 March 2018, from https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2017/10/18/coles-piece of the overall industry in-australia-has-declined.html Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., Hoagwood, K. (2015). Deliberate testing for subjective information assortment and examination in blended technique execution research.Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research,42(5), 533-544. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to subjective research strategies: A manual and asset. John Wiley Sons.

Literary Tourism in St. Louis, MO

Literary Tourism in St. Louis, MO I grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, so Im very excited to share this literary tourism post of my very own hometown! Maybe you know it for the Gateway Arch, but St. Louis is full of great arts, culture, museums, and of course, literature. This guide explores a brand new literary arts center, indie bookstores, famous writers who spent time in STL, a gorgeous public library that has been serving the city for over 100 years, and more. The High Low Located in the Grand Center Arts District, The High Low is a brand new literary arts center opening soon in St. Louis. It will feature a progressive library, a cafe and writers workspace, a literary artsâ€"focused gallery and a literary artsâ€"focused performance space, a writer’s suite for the center’s Writer-in-Residence program, and eight turnkey offices designed for fledgling arts organizations. Left Bank Books Left Bank Books, located in the Central West End, celebrated 50 years in St. Louis in 2019â€"it was opened by a group of Washington University graduate students in 1969. It is both the oldest and largest independently owned bookstore in St. Louis. The store offers both new and used books, as well as over 300 events a year and seven book clubs.   View this post on Instagram Just a reminder, bookstores are a cozy place to be on a surprisingly snowy day ?? ?? A post shared by Left Bank Books (@leftbankbooks) on Nov 11, 2019 at 9:00am PST Subterranean Books Subterranean Books opened on the Delmar Loop in 2000, and they are an independent bookstore (new books only) with a large focus on typical favorite categories: fiction, essay, poetry, memoir, cultural studies, and more. This bookstore is the true definition of an indie. Today it is woman-owned, with a small staff of six people, plus one very good boy bookstore dog named Teddy.   View this post on Instagram A huge thank you to everyone that came out yesterday! Not only visiting us, but all the small businesses that make our community thrive! Such a festive time was had! A special thank you to Matt Freeman who shared his music with us even in the drizzly foggy weather, and @urbanchestnut for providing their top-notch sudsy libations! Our hearts are full! ?? #thankyou #loveyourlocal #smallbusinesssaturday #indiesfirst #booksbooksbooks #holidaysarehere #stlouisstrong A post shared by Subterranean Books (@subbooks) on Dec 1, 2019 at 9:19am PST St. Louis Walk of Fame While visiting the Delmar Loop, be sure to check out the St. Louis Walk of Fame, which honors 150+ people who made great cultural contributions and were either born in the Greater St. Louis area or spent their formative or creative years there. Literary stars include: T.S. Eliot, Maya Angelou, Kate Chopin, William Burroughs, Martha Gelhourn, Joseph Pulitzer, and William Inge. View this post on Instagram yet another adorable pooch, @louie.the.mini.goldendoodle has hit our streets! summer is a perfect time to hit The Loop with your bestie whether that is a human or a furry friend! . . #delmarloop #stlouis #supportlocal #citystreets #sunnyday #summerintheloop #dogwalking #goldendoodle A post shared by The Delmar Loop (@delmarloop) on Jul 16, 2019 at 7:10pm PDT Dunaway Books Located in South Grand, Dunaway Books is an independently owned bookstore specializing in rare, used, and out-of-print books. This place is a must visit for antiquarians and first edition collectors.   View this post on Instagram We recently acquired a collection of Easton Press editions including novels, plays, poetry, and presidential biographies. These are previously owned copies in beautiful condition. Visit us in the store to check out the full selection! #dunaway #dunawaybooks #books #usedbooks #bookstagram #bookish #bookstore #independentbookstore #indiebookstore #usedbookstore #shoplocal #shopsmall A post shared by Dunaway Books (@dunawaybooks) on Nov 3, 2019 at 9:05am PST MoKaBe’s Coffeehouse Located in Tower Grove, MoKaBe’s Coffeehouse is an incredible queer-owned coffeehouse serving breakfast, lunch, dinner, Sunday brunch, and dessert! They make the literary tourism list for hosting literary events, such as Queer Writes Now and activism letter writing parties.   St. Louis Central Library The St. Louis Central Public Library is breathtaking. The main hall, which was originally built in 1912, features stained glass windows, renaissance ceilings, and gorgeous marble floors. After serving the city of St. Louis for 100 years, the library underwent a massive renovation in 2012 and reopened more beautiful than ever, now offering regularly scheduled guided architectural tours. In addition to serving the community with books, technology and resources, the library also provides author events, writing workshops, and other community-driven events multiple times per week.   View this post on Instagram Take a tour of Central Library! Free tours are offered on Mondays and Saturdays. Or download our free audio tour app, and tour the amazing space on your own! A post shared by St. Louis Public Library (@stlouispubliclibrary) on Nov 19, 2019 at 7:21am PST Next time youre in St. Louis, I hope youll give some of these lovely literary stops a try. And for more literary tourism posts, check out the archive on Book Riot.

The Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Gilman - 1518 Words

The late nineteenth century was a progressive era filled with enthusiastic ideas for a brighter and diverse future. Also, it was a tremendous change in Literature showing more tendencies toward liberty and realism. Literature was a privilege mostly representing a man’s world with virile words, thoughts and manly conclusions. A few women’s names appeared in iteracy showing a steady determination to raise their voices against men’s dominancy. Charlotte (Anna) Perkins (Stetson) Gilman is certainly the most noticeable name in American Literature in late nineteenth century. In her remarkable writing, she uses symbolisms as a dominant instrument for fighting inequality and oppression in men’s world. The Yellow Wall-Paper as her most celebrated and intrigue piece of work, represents a spectrum of symbols that address the general concerns about a woman’s role in the nineteenth century society, particularly within the realms of marriage, maternity and domestic life. In this short story, Charlotte Gilman wisely and pragmatically tries to raise a voice against patriarchy and men’s dominancy. Moreover, she pointed at inadequate and unhuman medical treatments for women, particularly for those with mental issues. It has been noted in Critical Essays on Charlotte Perkins Gilman: â€Å"Ironically, Gilman’s narrator ultimately proves the dangerous consequences of her Rest Cure by remaining entrapped within the sanctity of the home. Gilman concludes that had she herself followed Mitchell’sShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Gilman1463 Words   |  6 Pagesinferior being and is treated accordingly. They are perceived as lacking essential character istics possessed by the group. For an example, Charlotte Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† portrays a woman narrator as being the Other. The gender division, an important component of the late nineteenth-century society, is exemplified in â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† much more significantly than in the typical â€Å"American† literary work. It attempts to shed light on the fierce alter egos and divided selvesRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Gilman1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† written by Charlotte Gilman .It brings to light how much the narrator hates wallpaper and is a significant symbol portrayal of awful state. The yellow wallpaper can have a representation of many conditions and ideas, among them, the mental state of the narrator. The paper is going to survey what the yellow wallpaper represents and notice how it is being depicted over the progression of the story. In addition, it w ill be explored why the yellow paper is likened toRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman873 Words   |  4 PagesEarly Feminist Writing In the short story The Yellow Wall-Paper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman reflects on the social inequalities and injustices held against women in the late 1800’s. Gilman gives light to a very common practice of doctors diagnosing women with â€Å"nervous† conditions and essentially telling them to not do anything that doesn’t involve the domestic duties of women. The story gives insight on how women would have felt from the despotism that men of the time were showing towards them, thisRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman985 Words   |  4 Pages There are two similar stories that describe two particular women in a psychological condition one of the stories is called â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s and the other written by William Faulkner named â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. Both authors mention how both Jane (Yellow Wall-Paper) and Miss Emily (A Rose for Emily)are being oppressed by their husbands because the typical tradition forces their wife’s to stay home while they go to work. In the early eighteen and nineteenRead MoreYellow Wall Paper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman853 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen perceived equally. In many places women are considered as a second citizen. Although inequality among men and women has decreased tremendously in our society, it’s still an issue in some part of the world. The short story â€Å"Yellow wall paper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman reveals gender inequality. It narrates about a newly married woman who is trying t o get away from a trap that is restricting her freedom. Throughout the book the narrator is suffering within herself but she has a hard time figuringRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pageshusband and family. This obedience that the speaker has for her husband, John, in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† undermined the woman’s mental health, refusing her the ability to express and speak for herself. The speaker’s diagnosis and treatment of her â€Å"nervous condition† was completely in her husband’s control, taking away her independence as a person. It becomes clear that Gilman is writing this short story as a response to the patriarchal structure of the societyRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman951 Words   |  4 PagesThe unnamed narrator, who is never fully introduced, narrates the story of â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, in the form of a diary/journal. Confined in a mansion to treat her mental illness of depression the narrator becomes obsessed with the ugly yellow wallpaper that covers the walls of her room. Ultimately, I presume that the wallpaper itself represents her relationship that she has with her husband, while the women behind the wallpaper represents herself; which goRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1353 Words   |  6 Pages In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s story, â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper,† which is set in the 19th century, the narrator suffers from what is now identified as Postpartum depression, after the birth of her child. The narrator’s husband, John, who is a doctor, suggest that she gets some rest, and places her in a nursery with walls that contain yellow wallpaper. Over the course of the story, the narrator’s condition progresses and she begins to develop paranoia about a woman who is trapped in the yellow wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman819 Words   |  4 Pages In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman displays the central idea that no one can really know how it feels to be trapped in a way, but it can quickly happen to anyone. The story would be seen through a first person narrator point of view through the narrator whose name is never actually stated in the story other than in a quote at the end of the story where she says â€Å" I’ve got out at last despite you and Jane†, it is believed that Jane is the narrator. Jane’sRead MoreThe Yellow Wall Paper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1107 Words   |  5 PagesIn January of 1892, author Charlotte Perkins Gilman published her short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper† in The New England Magazine. Gilman’s work illustrates the public perception of woman’s health in the 19th century and is considered to be an important part of early American feminist literature. During the 19th century, women were confined t o the idea of the â€Å"ideal† woman and the â€Å"domestic sphere.† According to Barbara Welter, in her 1966 paper entitled â€Å"The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820-1860,†

Reflection On My Experience At My Bike - 1656 Words

Reflection In class the question was posed to us, â€Å"What is the last thing you learned because you wanted to?† We were led into thinking about the amount of time invested, the resource’s used and if what we put our effort into learning, was hard. I was thinking about learning to ride my bike, it was something I was motivated to do, I remember waking up on Christmas morning and seeing for the first time my white two- wheeled bicycle with training wheels, I immediately hopped on it right there in front of the Christmas tree. Well it was taller than my little three wheeler, the seat far from the ground, and excitingly different. I’m thinking now about the opportunity given to me for that inner urge to ride, my Mother had provided the bike to me as a gift. I was subjected to the experience from an outside source. The intrinsic motivation I found within myself to try something exciting, and new, the feeling of growing up and using a big kid bike. I honestly can re member the drastic difference that tall very new and different transporter was from my three wheeled bike. It felt a small amount of fear because of the bikes height, and I had to learn the new ways to control it, yet the opportunity presented itself and that sparked my interest and drive. When it comes to motivation in the classroom and directing young children, opportunity and classroom structure are important. Yes children have an innate desire to learn, knowing how to take what is of interest to them andShow MoreRelatedWalking And Biking : Reading Skills Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pagesride a bike. Learning to read falls into this category. However, unlike walking and biking, reading skills are not suddenly obtained and then static throughout life. After learning to read initially, an individual’s reading skills, interests, and purposes further develop and change throughout their life, as though nobody ever truly learns to read. Furthermore, the means by which an individ ual improves their reading capabilities change over time as well. In the same way, I initially improved my readingRead MoreWalking And Biking By Eric Carle1192 Words   |  5 Pageswalk or ride a bike. Learning to read falls into this category. However, unlike walking and biking, reading skills are not suddenly obtained and then static throughout life. After learning to read initially, an individual’s reading skills, interests, and purposes further develop and change throughout their life. Furthermore, the means by which an individual improves their reading capabilities change over time as well. In the same way, I initially improved my reading ability and changed my interests throughRead MoreGender Through A Trans Women s Experience And Back Ground From My Personal Favorite Show955 Words   |  4 PagesLinthorne 1 In this paper, I will be critically considering the perspective of gender through a trans women’s experience and back ground from my personal favorite show, â€Å"Sense 8†. During this process, I will be explaining how people are represented by the images, stereotypes, and social norms which are conveyed in this series, while also considering the questions provided in Supplement 21 of the course text. â€Å"Sense 8† is a television series created by a trans women named Lana Wachowski, a very outstandingRead MoreReflections On My Loss Lifeline1606 Words   |  7 PagesReflections on My Loss Lifeline The earliest with loss that I remember, was when I broke my left elbow. I was at my aunt and uncles house and me and my two cousins were playing outside, it was spring time. My cousin Brett had just learned to ride a two wheeled bike without training wheels. The bike had a banana seat on it and he asked me if I wanted to ride with him. Of course, I said sure and away we went riding along the edge of the yard. We hit a rock and the bike tipped over onto a fieldRead MoreLife Of Our Time As A Student1747 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment I have chosen to go back and reflect on my reflections. My goal is to better understand the journey that I have gone through as a first-semester Writing Consultant, to highlight the anticipated challenges and the unsolicited worrying that I had at the beginning of the year, and to celebrate the progress that I’ve made along the way. I will draw upon my reflections, using specific quotes, as well as some of the course material, to understan d where my ‘ah-ha’ moments occured and where they stillRead MorePersonal Narrative1557 Words   |  7 Pagespassing by cars smoothly. I chanted I am immortal, I am a god! while I pushed my sports bike to its limit. Suddenly a black car approaches. WHAM! I get Rammed from behind and lose control of my bike slamming into a Semi-truck up ahead. Lights out. When I peeked my eyes, I saw 4 humans around me. Thump after thumb I believe I was in an ambulance rushing down the turnpike. I looked around and the first words that came to my head are â€Å"Rick this is just a dream†. This is the story of how I escaped fromRead MoreMy Writing An Argument Paper Over The Hit Podcast Serial 950 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan to type the opening paragraph for my argument paper over the hit podcast â€Å"Serial,† I began to realize I was in serious trouble as the words refused to flow. Even without any formal writing education, I prided myself on my ability to write, and conve y my ideas with ease through the means of a keyboard. By the end of these pages, it is my hope that you the reader, will be able to get a sense of the adversities I had faced, and what helped me develop my writing process, and abilities. GrowingRead MoreFinal Assignment Week 5 EXP 105827 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Reflection Assignment Learning to me is allowing your brain to receive information and then applying in to your life experiences. I feel like face to face learning is better, however, online is more convenient. I prefer face to face because it offers a more personal relationship with your classmates and your professor. Although it is not practical for my life, I do wish I could attend classes in a regular environment. Online provides me that much needed space and opportunity to move at my ownRead MoreThe Role Of Heredity And Environment On Learning Theory1009 Words   |  5 Pagespsychologists have researched this question and provided possible theories to answer it. This paper will take a look at three leading theorists on the subject-Bronfenbrenner, Piaget and Vygotsky. By means of personal reflection into my own learning experience, I will analyze which theory best describes my understanding of how people learn and why I came to that conclusion. First, let s examine Urie Bronfenbrenner s ecological systems theory about various environmental factors influence a child s developmentRead MoreMore Than Just A Diagnosis Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesa foundation and develop into becoming a well-rounded and patient-focused doctor. It has allowed me to learn a vast amount about myself and certainly has expanded my views on the importance of patient-centered healthcare. This essay is a reflective piece where I will expand on the story of Miss X and some specific learning experiences that have helped me appreciate the integrated approach to the healing process of medicine as well as the importance of the doctor-patient relationship. Approximately

Cotton Profile Free Essays

Cotton holds the position of being the most used fiber in the world as well as the â€Å"number one fiber used for apparel in the United States† (Willbank). Cotton belongs to the same family of hibiscus and okra. Among cotton’s species are the American Upland Cotton, a low multi-branch shrub grown annually; the long fiber Egyptian and the Sea Island cottons botanically grown in Egypt and brought to the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Cotton Profile or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. ; and the Pima, originally known as American-Egyptian cotton (Pakistan Cotton Ginners’ Association). The exact age of cotton is unknown. Scientists, however, found â€Å"fiber and ball fragments from the TehuacA? n Valley of Mexico,† which they determined to be about 7000 years old. Cotton has been grown and used in India for more or less 5000 years (Pakistan Cotton Ginners’ Association). About 3000 years ago, it was â€Å"grown and made into cloth in the Indus River Valley in Pakistan (Willbanks), the same time Egyptians in the Nile Valley made and wore cotton clothing (â€Å"The Story of Cotton†). More than 1,300 years ago, Chinese emperor Ou-ti was recorded to have worn a cotton robe in his succession to the throne (Textile Exhange). In approximately 800 A. D. , Arab merchants brought cotton in Europe. In 1492, â€Å"Christopher Columbus found cotton in the Bahama Islands† (Willbanks). In 1607, cotton â€Å"was one of the earliest crops grown by European settlers† in Jamestown colony (Pakistan Cotton Ginners’ Association). In 1730, the first machinery to spin cotton was used in England. It was in 1793 when Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine used to separate cotton fiber from the seed. This gin made the separation process 50 times faster than doing it by hand (Willbanks). Today the whole world knows cotton. Its major producing countries are China, which â€Å"produced approximately 20 million bales of cotton,† and the United States, with 17. 2 million bales of cotton production in 2000 (â€Å"The Many Faces of Cotton†). Other major producers are the Soviet States, and India, while less producing countries include Pakistan, Brazil, Turkey, Egypt, Mexico, Iran, and Sudan (Textile Exchange). There are three types of cotton, namely, low to medium grade cotton, better grade cotton, and organic cotton. The type â€Å"found in mass-produced goods and cotton blend goods† are called ‘low to medium grade cotton. ’ Better grades are the type with longer-staple cotton, often found in fine quality shirts and beddings. Examples of this type are the Egyptian cotton, Pima, Supima, American Egyptian, and Sea Island. Cotton grown without use of any pesticide and fertilizer is called organic cotton (Willbanks). Some of the famous manufacturers of cotton are Barhardt Manufacturing, BBA Nonwovens Veratec, Brannoc Fibers, Ltd. , Cotton Incorporated, Ihsan Sons (PVT) Limited, Leigh Fibers, and Textiles and Nonwovens Directory (Hegde et al. ) Based on the historical accounts on cotton fiber, it primarily served the purpose of clothing in various parts of the world. However, in the early 20th Century, a few cotton mills in the U. S. found â€Å"ways to upgrade the waste cotton fibers into saleable products. † This was the goal they had that was why they bonded fiber waste with latex and resin, whose end product was industry wipes (Hegde et al. ) Products such as â€Å"draperies, table cloths, napkins, and wiping towels† were developed after the World War II (Hegde et al. ). As people discovered mechanics and invented machines, cotton fiber served more and newer purposes than it originally did. Cotton is not only used for simple clothing but in a wide range of products and end uses, such as the basic apparel – blouses, shirts, dresses, children’s wear, active wear, separates, swimwear, suits, jackets, sweaters, neckwear, skirts, pants and hosiery (Swicoli AG Textile Services); shoes, handbags, and luggage (Willbanks); home fashion – curtains, bed spreads, comforters, throws, sheets, table mats (Swicoli AG Textile Services), upholstery fabrics, rugs, wall coverings, and tobacco cloth; sanitary supplies; industrial abrasives; book bindings (Willbanks); and medical and cosmetic applications – bandages and wound plasters (Swicoli AG Textile Services). It was found out in 1994 that 63 percent of cotton was utilized for apparel, 29 percent for home furnishings, and eight percent for industrial products and exportations (Willbanks). Within the last decade, bleached cotton fiber used for processing on conventional non-woven equipment has attracted intere st and became available, particularly in medical and healthcare applications like in wiping and wiper markets and some apparel markets. However, since bleached cotton for non-woven application is relatively new, it is quite an expensive fiber and its sources are few (Hegde et al. ). Cotton fiber was also tapped to help control the problem of soil erosion. Mulch Seed Innovations, together with Cotton Incorporated and the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, has created â€Å"two all-natural cotton-fiber hydro mulch products† to answer the soil erosion problem. These mulches are more favorable than wood, paper, or synthetic ones because they allow grass seeds to develop faster while protecting the soil against heavy wind and rain (Delta Farm Press). This is all because cotton is porous, absorbent, and biodegradable, which makes it perfect for controlling soil erosion and developing seed (qtd. in Delta Farm Press). Cotton’s popularity is rooted from its desirable properties, which includes aesthetics, comfort, breathability, absorbency, soft hand, durability, and easy care (Shukr US). Cotton fabric, which is 100 percent untreated, â€Å"has a pleasant matte luster; a soft drape† (Willbanks) or fall (Shukr USA); â€Å"and a smooth hand† (Willbanks) or appearance to the eye (Shukr USA). Cotton fabric is also known to be very comfortable due to its soft hand (Willbanks). In addition, it possesses excellent absorbency or â€Å"ability to take in and hold moisture. † However, it is not good at releasing it, thus poor wickability or â€Å"ability to transport moisture perspiration away from the body to the garment’s surface† (Shukr USA). Moreover, cotton is known for its breathability or air permeability, the ability of a â€Å"fabric to allow air to pass through its construction. † However, when cotton fabric becomes too moist or wet, its breathability is reduced (Shukr USA). Another undesirable feature of cotton fabric is that it wrinkles and shrinks easily. But with treatment or blending with polyester, wrinkles and shrinks are both reduced (Shukr USA). Cotton fabrics require easy care. They can be machine washed and dried. But sunlight harms cotton, â€Å"causing it to oxidize and turn yellow. † Acids also harm cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics can be bleached but not too much since this will weaken the fibers (Willbanks). The cotton fiber is preferred by majority of consumers worldwide. This is why it will continue to increase its share in the fabric market (Hegde et al. ). Thanks to cotton’s rich history, desirable properties, and variety of uses, life now is more comfortable. Works Cited â€Å"Cotton. † Swicofil AG Textile Services. 12 October 2007 http://www. swicofil. com/products/001cotton. html. â€Å"Fiber History. † Textile Exchange. 12 October 2007 http://www. teonline. com/fibertrademarks. html. Hegde, Raghavendra, et al. â€Å"Cotton Fibers. † University of Tennessee Knoxville. 2004 April. 12 October 2007 http://www. engr. utk. edu/mse/Textiles/Cotton%20fibers. htm. â€Å"History of Cotton. † Pakistan Cotton Ginners’ Association. 2001. 12 October 2007 http://www. pcga. org/cotton_history. html. Penton Media. â€Å"Cotton-fiber hydromulch option for erosion control. † Delta Farm Press. 28 September 2007. 12 October 2007 http://deltafarmpress. com/cotton/070928-hydromulch-erosion/. Shukr USA. 2007. Fabric Guide. 12 October 2007 http://www. shukronline. com/fabric- guide. html#fibers. â€Å"The Story of Cotton. † Cotton Counts Education Resources. 12 October 2007 http://www. cotton. org/pubs/cottoncounts/story/index. cfm. â€Å"The Many Faces of Cotton. † Cotton Counts Education Resources. 12 October 2007 http://www. cotton. org/pubs/cottoncounts/upload/The-Many-Faces-of-Cotton. pdf. Willbanks, Amy. â€Å"Cotton. † Fabrics. Net. 12 October 2007. http://www. fabrics. net/amycotton. asp. How to cite Cotton Profile, Papers

Lord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack Essay Example

Lord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack Paper His role was to lead them and maintain order by keeping them safe and establishing duties among the group. As a hearted, Ralph showed formidable skills in managing the group at the beginning of the story. This shows his way of coping and handling being stuck on an island and representing order and civilization. Eventually by the end of their Journey on the island, the boys do get rescued although the order that was kept at the initial point was engulfed by acute savagery and boys turning on each other. Living in a completely different world is the character of the name Tom Winnfield In Tennessee Williwaws s book called the Glass Menagerie. Tom Is an 18 year old boy who had airily rough childhood beginning from his father fleeting away from home when Tom was a young boy. To make matters worse, at this young age he becomes the man of the house with responsibility of taking care of his sister who is diagnosed with a permanent muscle condition called pleurisy, taking care of his mother and handling an economically bad situation over all. As he struggles to resolve conflicts between his own interests and his overall wellbeing of his family which are always in different directions, he becomes frustrated with his familys intentions and leaves his family. In the end, he learnt his lesson the hard way as did the readers when he realizes his mistakes it is too late to fix them and bring their family back together. When tom and Ralph are facing comparable situations where responsibilities came unannounced with hardships that may have conflicted with their personal Interest, but the way they were handled depended on the personality of the character himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Comparison Between Raplh and Jack specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It would be appropriate to say that Tom and Ralph are more different In their characteristics than they are similar. This statement can be vilified by looking at three main instances that occurred in their respected stories. The very first difference between the two can be seen in their personalities; Tom is selfish and cares only about himself while Ralph consistently considers his friends before he thinks of himself. Secondly evidence of their contrasting characteristics come apparent with their way of reflecting on their father figure as the main source of guidance; for Tom, the missing father figure is apparent as he also tries to escape from his situation meanwhile Ralph ,like his father, takes on a leadership role. Last but not least, a strong reason why they are different Is because Ralph shows dervish skills and Is admired by majority of the boys that are on the Island with him.. He maintains order and Intents on getting out; whereas Tom Is bombarded with responsibility that seems to be too overwhelming for his personality, he does all the duties intents. Seas to Tu I out en does teen anal nee artery walkout ten relent SECOND BODY : The difference between the two can also be seen in their personalities; Tom is selfish and cares only about himself while Ralph consistently considers his friends before he thinks of himself * Both texts have a different style of portraying the character in question . Ralph is seen helping and considering the future of everyone on the island while not caring about him. He shows selfless love towards each and every character in the story, one incident that occurred in the story is when a boy asked Ralph if they were ever going to get saved, one of the boys proclaimed of course not, but Ralph reassured the little boy and gave him the hope that if they follow his orders and procedures they will be saved and returned back to civilization. (peg 20)(peg 21 bottom)(peg 34-35 bottom) (37 fire) Using peg 34-35 **insert Quote** * In this quote, it shows that Rallys is tauter and reassuring by giving everyone some hope and comfort regarding their fears. On the other hand, Tom only cares for himself, he is not considerate of others, and shows almost no love towards his family. **Quote** this quote shows the reader how different tom acts then Ralph, even when considering their age difference. * (peg 53 bottoms) it also shows that the mother wants Tom to understand the situation by explaining to him that daughters welfare is more important than even herself. The mother tries to convince Tom to believe that it is important to care for Laura. This shows that Tom is running away from responsibility while Ralph happily accepts the role of being the leader and comforts the group. THIRD PARAGRAPH * a strong evidence of their contrasting characteristics come apparent with their way of reflecting on their father figure as the main source of guidance; for Tom, the missing father figure is apparent as he also tries to escape from his situation meanwhile Ralph ,like his father, takes on a leadership role. As soon as Ralph and the others were stranded on the island he was subjected to his responsibilities, some may say that these qualities could have been passed down through his father. This was evident when the first thing he thought was to create a system of order and prevent things from going into chaos. **Quote** the quote reconfirms the claim that Rallys father was a responsible Navy officer and throughout Rallys childhood, he may have influenced the shaping of Rallys character. When Ralph reassured the group, its showed that the group still had confidence in what he had to say and instructed to do. (peg 36 bottom) Tom: (peg 80) Toms upbringing was clearly different than Rallys which reflected on his attitude and overall behavior towards his father.

The Irregular Latin Verb Sum To Be

The Irregular Latin Verb Sum To Be The Latin word sum is perhaps among the best known of all the Latin verbs and it is among the hardest to learn. Sum is the present indicative tense of the verb esse, meaning to be. As with many other living and dead languages, esse is one of the oldest verb forms in Latin, one of the most frequently used of the verbs, one of the most irregular verbs in Latin and related languages. It is also often contracted in casual use (such as in English Im, thats, theyre, hes), becoming almost invisible to the listener. Etymology The progenitor form of to be is in the Proto-Indo-European  (PIE) language, the parent language of Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Iranian, Germanic, and indeed most of the languages spoken in all of Europe, India, and Iran. Each of the PIE languages has a form of to be, perhaps because it is so eminently useful: sometimes to be can have an existential significance (To be or not to be, I think therefore I am), but also retains its use in everyday language. In etymological circles, to be is the b-root word, and like all of the b-roots probably is derived from an ancient PIE root, today reconstructed as *h1à ©s-mi (I am). It is also possible that to be in Latin derives from the root word *bhuH- meaning to grow.  Other closely related words to esse are asmi  in Sanskrit and eÃ… ¡mi in Hittite. Conguating Sum Mood Tense Person Singular Plural indicative Present First sum sumus Second es estis Third est sunt Imperfect First eram eramus Second eras eratis Third erat erant Future First ero erimus Second eris eritis Third erit erunt Perfect First fui fuimus Second fuisti fuistis Third fuit fuerunt Pluperfect First fueram fueramus Second fueras fueratis Third fuera fuerant Future Perfect First fuero fuerimu Second fueris fueritis Third fuerit fuerint Subjunctive Present First sim simus Second sit sitis Third sit sint Imperfect First essem essemus Second esses essetis Third esset essent Perfect First fuerim fuerimus Second fueris fueritis Third fuerit fuerint Pluperfect First fuissem fuissemus Second fuisses fuissetis Third fuisset fuissent Irregular Verbs and Compounds There are several other Latin irregular verbs and compound verbs formed from sum. Eo - to go Fio - to become nolo, nolle, nolui - to be unwilling and malo, malle, malui to prefer are similar. Volo - to wish Fero - to carry Sum - to becompounds: adsum, desum, insum, intersum, praesum, obsum, prosum, subsum, supersum Do - to give Edo - to eat

Winning the Vote for Women Around the World

Winning the Vote for Women Around the World When did various nations give all women the right to vote? Many granted suffrage in steps some locales gave the vote for local elections first, or some racial or ethnic groups were excluded until later. Often, the right to stand for election and the right to vote were given at separate times. Full suffrage means that all groups of women were included, and could both vote and run for any office. 1850-1879 1851: Prussian law forbids women from joining political parties or attending meetings where politics is discussed.1869: Britain grants unmarried women who are householders the right to vote in local elections1862/3: Some Swedish women gain voting rights in local elections. 1880-1899 1881: Some Scottish women get the right to vote in local elections.1893: New Zealand grants equal voting rights to women.1894: The United Kingdom expands womens voting rights to married women in local but not national elections.  1895: South Australian women gain voting rights.1899: Western Australian women were granted voting rights.   1900-1909 1901: Women in Australia get the vote, with some restrictions.  1902: Women in New South Wales get the vote.1902: Australia grants more voting rights to women.1906: Finland adopts woman suffrage.1907: Women in Norway are permitted to stand for election.1908: Women in Denmark some women granted local voting rights.1908: Victoria, Australia, grants women voting rights.1909: Sweden grants vote in municipal elections to all women. 1910-1919 1913: Norway adopts full woman suffrage.1915: Women get the vote in Denmark and Iceland.1916: Canadian women in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan get the vote.1917: When the Russian Czar is toppled, the Provisional Government grants universal suffrage with equality for women; later the new Soviet Russian constitution includes full suffrage to women.1917: Women in the Netherlands are granted the right to stand for election.1918: The United Kingdom gives a full vote to some women over 30, with property qualifications or a UK university degree and to all men age 21 and older.1918: Canada gives women the vote in most provinces by federal law. Quebec is not included. Native women were not included.1918: Germany grants women the vote.1918: Austria adopts woman suffrage.1918: Women given full suffrage in Latvia, Poland, Estonia, and Latvia.1918: Russian Federation gives women the right to vote.1921: Azerbaijan grants woman suffrage. (Sometimes given as 1921 or 1917.)1918: Women granted limited voting rights in Ireland. 1919: Netherlands gives women the vote.1919: Woman suffrage is granted in Belarus, Luxembourg, and Ukraine.1919: Women in Belgium granted right to vote.1919: New Zealand allows women to stand for election.1919: Sweden grants suffrage with some restrictions. 1920-1929 1920: On August 26, a constitutional amendment is adopted when the state of Tennessee ratifies it, granting full woman suffrage in all states of the United States.1920: Woman suffrage is granted in Albania, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.1920: Canadian women get the right to stand for election (but not for all offices - see 1929 below).1921: Sweden gives women voting rights with some restrictions.1921: Armenia grants woman suffrage.1921: Lithuania grants woman suffrage.1921: Belgium grants women the right to stand for election.1922: Irish Free State, separating from the UK, gives equal voting rights to women.1922: Burma grants women voting rights.1924: Mongolia, Saint Lucia, and Tajikistan give suffrage to women.1924: Kazakstan gives limited voting rights to women.1925: Italy grants limited voting rights to women.1927: Turkmenistan grants woman suffrage.1928: The United Kingdom grants full equal voting rights to women.1928: Guyana grants woman suffrage.1928: Ireland (as part of the UK) expands womens suffrage rights. 1929: Ecuador grants suffrage, Romania grants limited suffrage.1929: Women found to be persons in Canada and therefore able to become members of the Senate. 1930-1939 1930: White women granted suffrage in South Africa.1930: Turkey grants women the vote.1931: Women get full suffrage in Spain and  Sri Lanka.1931: Chile and Portugal grant suffrage with some restrictions.1932: Uruguay, Thailand and Maldives jump on the woman suffrage bandwagon.1934: Cuba and Brazil adopt woman suffrage.1934: Turkish women are able to stand for election.1934: Portugal grants woman suffrage, with some restrictions.1935: Women gain right to vote in Myanmar.1937: The Philippines grants women full suffrage.1938: Women get the vote in Bolivia.1938: Uzbekistan grants full suffrage to women.1939: El Salvador grants voting rights to women. 1940-1949 1940: Women of Quebec are granted voting rights.1941: Panama grants limited voting rights to women.1942: Women gain full suffrage in the  Dominican Republic.1944: Bulgaria, France and Jamaica grant suffrage to women.1945: Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, Hungary, Japan (with restrictions), Yugoslavia, Senegal, and Ireland enact woman suffrage.1945: Guyana allows women to stand for election.1946: Woman suffrage adopted in Palestine, Kenya, Liberia, Cameroon, Korea, Guatemala, Panama (with restrictions), Romania (with restrictions), Venezuela, Yugoslavia, and Vietnam.1946: Women allowed to stand for election in Myanmar.1947: Bulgaria, Malta, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, and Argentina extend suffrage to women.1947: Japan extends suffrage, but still retains some restrictions.1947: Mexico grants the vote to women at the municipal level.1948: Israel, Iraq, Korea, Niger, and Surinam adopt woman suffrage.1948: Belgium, which previously granted the vote to women, establishes suffrage with a few re strictions for women. 1949: Bosnia and Herzegovina grant woman suffrage.1949: China and Costa Rica give women the vote.1949: Women gain full suffrage in Chile but most vote separately from men.1949: Syrian Arab Republic gives the vote to women.1949/1950: India grants woman suffrage. 1950-1959 1950: Haiti and Barbados adopt woman suffrage.1950: Canada grants full suffrage, extending the vote to some women (and men) previously not included, still excluding Native women.1951: Antigua, Nepal, and Grenada give women the vote.1952: Covenant on Political Rights of Women enacted by the United Nations, calling for womens right to vote and right to stand for elections.  1952: Greece, Lebanon, and Bolivia (with restrictions) extend suffrage to women.1953: Mexico grants women the right to stand for election. and to vote in national elections.1953: Hungary and Guyana give voting rights to women.1953: Bhutan and the Syrian Arab Republic establish full woman suffrage.1954: Ghana, Colombia, and Belize grant woman suffrage.1955: Cambodia, Ethiopia, Peru, Honduras, and Nicaragua adopt woman suffrage.1956: Women given suffrage in Egypt, Somalia, Comoros, Mauritius, Mali, and Benin.1956: Pakistani women gain the right to vote in national elections.1957: Malaysia extends suffrage to women.1 957: Zimbabwe grants women the vote. 1959: Madagascar and Tanzania give suffrage to women.1959: San Marino permits women to vote. 1960-1969 1960: Women of Cyprus, Gambia, and Tonga get suffrage.1960: Canadian women win full rights to stand for election, as Native women are also included.1961: Burundi, Malawy, Paraguay, Rwanda and Sierra Leone adopt woman suffrage.1961: Women in the Bahamas gain suffrage, with limits.1961: Women in El Salvador are permitted to stand for election.1962: Algeria, Monaco, Uganda, and Zambia adopts woman suffrage.1962: Australia adopts full woman suffrage (a few restrictions remain).1963: Women in Morocco, Congo, the  Islamic Republic of Iran  and Kenya gain suffrage.1964: Sudan adopts woman suffrage.1964: The Bahamas adopts full suffrage with restrictions.1965: Women gain full suffrage in Afghanistan, Botswana, and Lesotho.1967: Ecuador adopts full suffrage with a few restrictions.1968: Full woman suffrage adopted in Swaziland. 1970-1979 1970: Yemen adopts full suffrage.1970: Andorra permits women to vote.1971: Switzerland adopts woman suffrage, and the United States lowers the voting age for both men and women to eighteen by a Constitutional amendment.1972: Bangladesh grants woman suffrage.1973: Full suffrage granted to women in Bahrain.1973: Women permitted to stand for election in Andorra and San Marino.1974: Jordan and the Solomon Islands extend suffrage to women.1975: Angola,  Cape Verde, and Mozambique give suffrage to women.1976: Portugal adopts full woman suffrage with a few restrictions.1978: The Republic of Moldova adopts full suffrage with a few restrictions.1978: Women in Zimbabwe are able to stand for election.1979: Women in the Marshall Islands and Micronesia gain full suffrage rights. 1980-1989 1980: Iran gives women the vote.1984: Full suffrage granted to women of Liechtenstein.1984: In South Africa, voting rights are extended to Coloureds and Indians.1986: Central African Republic adopts woman suffrage. 1990-1999 1990: Samoan women gain full suffrage.1994: Kazakhstan grants women full suffrage.1994: Black women gain full suffrage in South Africa. 2000- 2005: Kuwaiti Parliament grants women of Kuwait full suffrage.

Biodiversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biodiversity - Essay Example As opposed to Cardinale et.al (2012), Dawson et.al (2011) argues that climate change is the major threat to biodiversity in the 21st century and not human activities as stated by the former. In light of this, the article addresses the viable solutions into dealing with the loss of biodiversity as a resultant of climate change. If not, the loss of biodiversity will be complemented by termination of evolutionary potential and consequent disruption of ecological services. Both of which are equally detrimental. In response to this, the article proposes the development of an Integrated Science of Climate-Change Biodiversity Assessment as the most effective solution in curtailing the loss of biodiversity. However, regardless of the difference in the opinions in both articles, all the authors acknowledge the importance of the biodiversity. It is due to this that Cardinale et.al (2012) focuses their research on the specific effects of the loss of biodiversity on humans while Dawson et.al (2011) explores viable methods of mitigating their current loss. Biodiversity plays a very significant role in every ecosystem and numerous factors including human activities and climatic change are resulting in their loss. As a result, there should be measures that address every factor resulting in the loss as opposed to individual issues as seen

Building smulation model by arena to ptimize airplane C3 check Essay

Building smulation model by arena to ptimize airplane C3 check manitenance - Essay Example Once ACFT is taken O.O.S different specialty are responsible to accomplish the specified check that it is due for and make an agreed commitment to bring the ACFT back in service (B.I.S) on a specific date and time (Mcgarvey 2009). However, there are so many specialties working to achieve this goal. Therefore, effort on making good utilization and excellent planning must be considered to make sure communication and coordination are applied and insuring all this is not easy. For Instance Airframe is one of the biggest departments that cover under its umbrella many ATA chapters such as fuel, hydraulics, landing gears, flight controls, water and waste, cargo compartment, ice and rain, fire systems as well as empennage, fuselage and wings which belongs to Airframe department. Therefore, we are interested on it and as we imitate and mimic its system we will have a very good picture the maintenance system with specialties other than airframe (Brady & Hillestad 1995). There are power plant, avionics, inspection, cabin and structure or they call tem sheet metal departments. All these specialties attack the plane once it is arrived in the Hanger for heavy maintenance do their best to have back on the pre-selected date and time. A myriad of human factors challenges associated with aircraft maintenance exist. Maintenance and inspection are essential to ensure continuing airworthiness on the aging fleet. New advanced technology procedures for aircraft further complicate the aviation maintenance system. The human is a critical component of the maintenance -system. Therefore, research and development must address a variety of issues affecting the human in maintenance. In order to plan well and have an actual picture of the system shortcomings and high performance areas within the system we will have to simulate that particular system. Simulation is a tool that gives us the chance to mimic any system with data available, analyzed and entered in any program such as Arena which is one of the popular and powerful computer programs (Charlotte 2009). Since we have so many specialties, multiple maintenance scheduled check types as well as many different ACFT types that are owned by Saudi Arabian airlines, the simulation process will get complex, thus, we will mimic only one type of airplane-747-400, one type of maintenance scheduled checks which is C- check (Kinnison 2004). Keywords: Hanger Maintenance, C-Check, Scheduling, Human Component in Maintenance, Simulation. 2.0 Goal The goal of this report is to build a simulation model for Aircraft Maintenance departments’ activities that will allow us to capture each and every process in order to optimize the manpower utilization and reduce maintenance time by eliminating delays especially when bottle necks confront. 3.0 Literature Review The aircraft is the fastest method of transport that can quickly transport people and cargo over longer distances, but incur high costs and energy use. For short distances or in inaccessible places  helicopters  can be used. According to Friend (1992), growth of population explosion in world has raised the air transportation sector; in 2010 it accounts 19% of passenger, and 48% of cargo of whole transportation in world. In 2009, Saudi

Cannabis Sativa: Why Hasnt It Been Legalized? :: essays research papers

What if we were able to legalize a drug that works more efficiently on some diseases than any legal drug on the market today? This drug can help to aid such notorious diseases as AIDS and glaucoma. The name of this drug is cannabis sativa, or its more well-known name, marijuana. Cannabis sativa should be legalized for its medicinal uses. This paper will state the different types of diseases that marijuana may be used for, the current steps towards the legalization of this drug for medicinal purposes, the reasons for the use of this drug not to be exploited, the positive and alleviating effects of its use, and the non-addictive attributes of the drug itself. There are many reasons to show why the illegal drug, marijuana, should be legalized solely for its medicinal uses and benefits. Marijuana can be used for such things as glaucoma, controlling seizures, arthritis, the side effects of cancer chemotherapy, such as vomiting and nausea, asthma, anxiety, convulsions, AIDS and depression (Cohen, 1985). "In glaucoma, it reduces the pressure in the eye, for instance, and it also causes a slight increase in appetite in people suffering from AIDS wasting or those undergoing chemotherapy" (Medical Experts, 1997). Marijuana has been widely touted as a treatment for the drastic weight loss associated with AIDS (Levine, 1997). Cannabis sativa reduces the vomiting and nausea caused by chemotherapy, and alleviates pretreatment anxiety. It reduces the muscle pain and spasticity caused by the disease, but it may also help some patients with bladder control and the relieving of tremors (Facts & Stats, 2001). There are a number of peopl e who have severe mental illnesses. When they feel like they are becoming mentally ill, they start self-medicating with cannabis to help them to relieve the symptoms of the illness they are having (Jamaica, 1997). In the study on rats, a research team from Complutense University and Autonoma University in Madrid found that marijuana's active ingredient, called THC, killed tumor cells in advanced cases of glioma, a quick-killing cancer for which there is currently no effective treatment. The team reports that the treatment works by stimulating the cancer cells to commit suicide in a natural process called apoptosis. The effect occurs in cancer cells but not in normal ones and, they say, "could provide the basis for a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of malignant gliomas". (Rea, 2000) But anytime there is an upside, there is always a downside.

Coketown described by Charles Dickens †Criticism Essay

This passage has come across a monotonous and dull town surrounded by industrialization. There is no colour, no aesthetic beauty but just buildings and factories that are an eyesore to the whole town. This town was once a nice place and it was a town of ‘red brick’ but because of all the smoke, dust and dirt it has now all changed to black brick. There is no life left in the inhabitants of the town. They are just servers to the town and they aren’t even considered the characters of the passage. They are dehumanized and instead the buildings are the characters that take over. The buildings seem to literally take over the human qualities and are given priority and superiority to the people. There is no change or difference between one building and another. ‘The Jail might have been the infirmary; the infirmary might have been the jail’. There is a sense of sameness and uniformity. Other people get life out of what Coketown sacrifices. The people of this town are stuck with this lifestyle forever as there doesn’t seem to be any way out if it. The town is literally doomed. There is the image of ‘serpents’ which give off the evil part to this town. It is almost as if the people are under the influence of this evil task master from which the inhabitants can never hope to escape. There is also the image of ‘water’ which is usually the symbol of life and purity but in this case the water has become a victim of this so called progress. This lifeless town is basically sustained by what it makes and produces. These people are sacrificing their lives and their town in order to survive. The only thing that seems to be done in this town is work and more work; there are no natural sights or pleasure in its perspective. Everything is made just for purpose and function. Even the chapel built which is supposed to be an inspiring building and h ave meaning to people is described as a ‘warehouse’. There is a feeling of entrapment in this town such as the ‘bird cage’ image used. These people have no knowledge of life out of this town. They are mechanical soldiers who feel enslaved to working for this town and feel like it is their only purpose to life. The people are alienated from each other as they don’t even seem to try and change this strict and totalitarian system. There is nothing more than facts and nothing seems important besides facts. It is a perverted world where people have lost their humanity and inanimate objects get a life of their own. This town seems to be what controls the people and unfortunately the people all seem to be too intimated by the system that they won’t even consider speaking up about the corrupt lifestyle they all live each day. There is a major devoid of natural life and the people are helpless to the situation.

Auteur Critics Cinema

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3953 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The auteur theory can be summarised most simply as an acknowledgement of the director as the primary and shaping force behind a film (Craig Keller). How is Godards primary and shaping influence detectable, if indeed, it is? Introduction The auteur theory was a principle developed in the 1950s by a group of French film critics namely: Eric Rohmer, Francois Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard. It was their belief that an auteur was the single individual most responsible for whatever personal expression (if any) a movie yielded up under critical analysis. This definition has become the most universally understood of the auteur theory and therefore the one which will be referred to during this dissertation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Auteur Critics Cinema | Film Studies Dissertations" essay for you Create order These critics wanted to see an end to la tradition de la qualit of conventional cinema of the 1930s and 1940s a period coined le cinma de papa. They viewed films produced at that time to be literary, lifeless and not truly cinematic. Inspired by fellow film critic Alexandre Astrucs camera-stylo theory arguing that filmmakers should use their equipment as spontaneously, flexibly and personally as a writer uses a pen these young critics began to break the constraints of conventional cinema. Prior to the development of the auteur theory, a large majority of films were produced, shot and edited in similar styles. Large studios, with fixed cameras and scriptwriters having overall control were common, thus creating a rigid style of film production. However, in the 1950s and 60s, a period labelled the Nouvelle Vague, French cinema was completely revolutionised. During this time films moved away from the confines of the big studios and artificial lighting; to outside, using light weight Arriflex cameras which sped up the film process. During this period directors began to experiment with several new cinematic techniques whilst implementing their own personal artistic values in films. These directors came to be known as auteurs becoming the primary and shaping force behind their films, manipulating scenes to fit their style rather than employing the traditional method of following scriptwriters prompts. In terms of the auteur theory Jean-Luc Godard was seen as the truly radical auteur. By most he is today seen as one of the most innovative and artistic directors having created his own Godard style. As Godard himself suggests, les vrais auteurs des films sont les producteursle cinema na davenir que si la camera finit par remplacer le stylo. Godard epitomises a director out to challenge traditional cinema. Through such films as Vivre sa Vie: Film en douze tableaux (1962) and Une femme est une femme he began to interrogate and illuminate conventional cinema via new cinematic and artistic techniques. This dissertation will assess the extent to which Jean-Luc Godards primary and shaping influence is detectable in his films. In the main body of this dissertation I will consider Godards ability to implement his own cinematic style through several inventive techniques. I will consider his ability to challenge the barriers between off screen and on screen reality. Furthermore, I will analyse his use of camera shots, editing techniques, colour and sound so as to demonstrate his pivotal influence on the shaping of his films. I will however, also argue that any kind of definition of the auteur theory oversimplifies the realities of a film making process and can therefore not be seen as a definitive theory. Andrew Sarris explains, one of the premises for an auteur is that the director must exhibit certain recurring characteristics of style which serve as his signatureover a group of his films. I will, therefore, make reference to four of Godards films: A bout de Souffle (1960), Une femme est une femme (1961), Vivre sa vie: Film en douze tableaux (1962) and Le Mepris (1963) to demonstrate how Godard yields personal influence in his films. One of Godards premises as a film director was his belief that realism was a pivotal part of film making. Godard believed that realism attempted by conventional cinema was never exactly the same as reality, and in cinema it is of necessity faked. It was therefore Godards intention to continually experiment with new ideas and make his actors improvise in certain scenes in order to encapsulate what he believed would be the closest thing to real life. Following the release of A Bout de Souffle actor Jean-Pierre Melville who played Parvulesco in the film said Godards movie was anything shot anyhow. Godard himself confirmed that on A Bout de Souffle I used to write the evening before shooting. According to Godard, the reason for him doing this was because I liked to be surprised. If you know in advance everything you are going to do, it isnt worth doing. If a show is all written down, what is the point of filming it? What use is cinema if it trails after literature? Godards obsessive need to shape the smallest minutiae made him standout amongst his peers by firmly embedding him as the autonomous force behind all aspects of the film making process. In addition, if one reads the script of Le Mpris it clearly shows his belief in improvisation to encapsulate real life. In the thirty minute apartment scene in which Camille and Paul argue, the only direction is man in hat. Man in towel. Blond woman. Woman in black wig. Sheets on coach. Sheets off couch. Dishes on table. Love. Anger. Contempt. Tenderness. This therefore forced the actors to improvise in the hope that the scene would be more realistic than just learning their lines by heart. This idea of filmmaking was revolutionary at the time and was a way in which Godard was implementing his own directional style to his movies. As Kreidel suggested in 1980 [N]o one has yet made a more modern cinema than Godard. For those familiar with Godards work the quote used above anything shot anyhow should strike a chord. His use of the camera to manipulate scenes to exert his own artistic influence over his movies was just one of the ways in which his primary influence was detectable. Godard employed a range of new cinematic techniques in an attempt to escape the classical idea of a passive audience. His work was heavily influenced by Bertolt Brechts theory of Brechtian distanciation which encouraged the audience to make their own interpretations of what they were experiencing rather than them being simply led through a piece of theatre. Godard was influenced by Brechts theory in encouraging the active engagement of his audience, he breaks the illusion of the fourth wall in order to communicate directly with the audience, usually in such an enigmatic way that he seems to be satirising the whole of communication. In a key scene in A Bout de Souffle Michel, one of the lead protagonists, is filmed having a conversation with himself whilst driving. Traditionally this type of scene would be shot using a fly on the wall technique, Godard instead, by making Michel talk directly at the camera, creates the impression that Michel is directing his words at the audience. Manipulating the camera lens to involve the audience was just one of the techniques that Godard employed. In the opening scene in Vivre sa Vie he utilises a very different technique alienation. Rather than filming this scene in the traditional head-on format Godard places the camera lens behind the lead characters heads. In doing so the audience feels alienated from the conversation between the characters Nana and Raoul especially as their reflection in the mirror distances themselves even more from the audience. In addition, Godard never films the two characters in the same shot which not only highlights the divide between the characters but also the audience from the characters conversation. As Godard himself suggests I also converge with the theatre through language: in my film one must listen to people speaking, particularly as their backs are often turned so that one is not distracted by their faces. By shooting this scene from behind Godard does just that. He forces the audience to interpret the scene through what they hear and not what they see. By exploiting these techniques Godard is undoubtedly heavily exerting his influence on these films as an auteur. Godards use of the camera to exert a primary influence on his work often manifests itself in less obvious ways. He frequently extends the length of a single shot or slows down his camera movements to provide the viewer with adequate time to concentrate on a specific image. In Le Mpris Godard is forced to do a slow panning shot in one of the final scenes of the film when Odysseus returns home to Ithica. Godards use of colour is so bold in this scene that if he quickly panned across the scene it would not give his viewers adequate time to concentrate on the composition of the colours. The scene is filmed in such a way that it adds to its artistic content. In much the same way as a writers style of writing changes or a painters brush strokes alter throughout their career, Godards style evolves throughout his films. He employs different techniques in each film but the one constant is his shaping influence on each of his works. In conventional cinema, colour was generally used in order to increase the commerciality of films. When it was occasionally used, it enhanced the mood in separate scenes. Godard employed a far more ambitious use of colour in his work. In his first two colour films Une femme est une femme and Le Mpris he predominantly used primary colours due to his interest in modern art: straight color, pop art. Godard used bold primary colours to indicate the characterisation and narrative development in his films but in such a way that it did not act upon the viewer in a directly sensual way. In Godards first colour film Une femme est une femme, Angela is intent on having a child with her husband Emile. Emile however, is not so keen on the idea and appears rather blas about the subject; he predominantly wears blue in the film which symbolises his rather laid back nature. After being repeatedly refused by Emile on the topic of having a baby, Angela goes to Emiles friend Albert to have an affair in the hope to conceive. Albert despite being happy to oblige feels no real affection for Angela and this is shown as he mainly wears grey symbolising his disinterest in her. In Godards second colour film Le Mpris, he continues the pattern of using colour to represent characters personalities but tends to also use colour to depict how characters emotions towards each other evolve throughout the movie. In the opening scene, Camille is lying in bed with Paul asking him if he loves different parts of her body. In this scene, Godard uses colour filters which are seen as a representative of what is going to happen in the film. If one considers that red symbolises love, white incertitude and blue coldness then it maps out what happens in the film, love to ambivalence to contempt. Furthermore, Godard manipulates colour to mirror personalities. Paul the scriptwriter in the film is seen in a grey suit with blue specks highlighting his passive personality. Jerry the ambitious American film producer is mostly seen in a blue suit, red tie and driving a red sports car which in turn suggests his dominant personality and his lust for Camille. In addition, Camille is shown in several coloured dresses throughout the film so as to emphasize her continual change of emotions. Finally Francesca, Jerrys secretary wears a red jumper in the scene when she seduces Paul which again emphasizes Godards attempt to symbolise emotional currents in the film. It is important to note that several critics have suggested that Godards use of primary colours can also be seen as a referent to American musicals, a genre which fascinated Godard. This referent is most evidently seen in the opening credits of Une femme est une femme when bold colourful words flash up on the screen like neon lights, reflecting the lavishness of the American musical. Furthermore, other critics suggest that the primary colours are a referent to either the French flag or American flag. The extensive analysis of these critics suggests that they themselves acknowledge Godard as playing a decisive role in the production of his films. One of Godards most revolutionary impacts on French cinema was his use of editing. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, directors were focused on attempting to reduce the awareness of the film making process for the audience; enhancing what directors felt was reality. They would therefore use techniques such as continuity editing which prevented the audience from being aware of any cuts in between scenes, enabling them to be swept up in the film. Godard however, had a strong belief about the basics of cinema in which mise en scne (the content of individual shots) is continually inflected, articulated and transformed by montage (the editing that drives a film from one shot to another. With this strong belief Godard began to edit using techniques such as the jump-cut. The jump-cut was employed by Godard in his first motion picture A bout de Souffle. Due to a need to reduce the length of the film, Godard systematically cut out whatever could be cut, while trying to maintain some rhythm. An example of his use of jump-cuts was in the scene when Michel, the criminal, is recognised by a police officer and therefore Michel decides to shoot him. In this scene Godard zooms in on the barrel of the gun which is about to be fired by Michel. Suddenly, when Michel fires the gun there is a jump-cut and the next image is the police officer falling to the ground having been hit. Another notable example of his use of jump cut came later in the film when Patricia is riding in a stolen convertible with Michel. In this scene there are up to seven jump-cuts of Patricias head, creating discontinuity in the scene in a very clear Godard style. Whilst many critics at the time found his use of jump-cut confusing and disruptive to the flow of the film; many others recognized his jagged unruly montage heightened the jagged, unruly mood of a story propelled more by the whims of his characters than the dictates of a predetermined story, which is something evident in his film A bout de Souffle. As has been demonstrated it is clear that Godard exerted considerable influence over the editing process. It is clear that Godards films are characterised by a set of stylistic methods. Principally amongst these methods is his use of sound. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, sound was employed in film to replicate audibly the visual emotion of a scene in order to captivate the audience and make a scene appear more realistic. Martin Heidegger highlights this tradition by suggesting that viewers have become accustomed to sounds elegant effects and thus treats them as real. Godard however, firmly believed that in faking sound to captivate the audience, one is taking away the realism that he wanted to convey in his films. A point agreed by Richard Roud who suggested that even in the most so-called realist film, sound has always been an exception. It was therefore Godards intention to restore sound so that it would captivate real life by refusing to edit or remix any previously recorded track, which he defined as sonic realism. One of Godards most notable examples of this was seen in A Bout de Souffle. Due to the sound being naturally recorded there are several scenes in the film when some of the characters conversations are muffled by natural noises. The use of natural sound reaches a peak during the scene in Patricias apartment when the noise of the sirens bellowing in through the open window actually drowns out the characters dialogue. Rather than being a distraction that takes the viewer out of the moment, the use of natural sound here, and throughout the film, only heighten the realism. After all, in life, it would be unrealistic to sit in a room with an open window in the centre of Paris and not hear any intrusive sounds. Jean Collet praises Godards creation of realism through sound stating [Godard applies] to sound the same demands as for the pictures. [He captures] life in what it offers to be seen-and to be heard-directly. Godards artistic use of sound did change in his career with the development of post-synchronised sound. Prior to the Nouvelle Vague, direct sound was used in films such as A Bout de Souffle. However, with the development of post-synchronised sound Godard was able to talk to the actors whilst filming so as to direct them and after synchronise the sound with the film footage. This also enabled him to implement his artistic Brechtian style of filmmaking in which he alienated his audience. In the opening scene in Vivre sa Vie, Godard uses the soundtrack in ten to twenty second bursts. The scene shows shots of Anna Karinas face at different angles. In conventional cinema, music would generally play consistently throughout this scene to highlight the emotional state. Godard however, plays it in bursts creating discontinuity in the scene as the soundtrack stops at random intervals. As has been demonstrated, Goddard employs a wealth of techniques in his films to manipulate sound. In playing such a pivotal role, he firmly entrenches himself as the key player in his work. Rarely before had cinema seen someone wield such a crucial influence over all aspects of the film making process. Second Section It is undeniable that Godard has produced some of the most inspiring and innovative films through his use of story line and cinematic techniques. His exploitation of light, colour, and sound, editing and alienating the audience showed Godard had revolutionised traditional French cinema and in doing so has inspired modern day film directors such as Quentin Tarrantino. However, in using Kellers summary that an auteur is simply the primary and shaping force of his films it is unquestionably oversimplifying the realities of the film making process. As Godard changed so much in his films compared to traditional cinema it is not possible for him to be praised for every aspect of his films creation. Godard said in an interview in 1983: I find it useless to keep offering the public the auteur. In Venice, when I got the prize of the Golden Lion I said that I deserve only probably the mane of this lion, and maybe the tail. Everything in the middle should go to all the others who work on the picture: the paws to the director of photography, theface to the editor, the body to the actors. I dont believe in the solitude ofthe auteur with a capital A. Furthermore, Godard admitted that him and the likes of Truffaut, Rohmer and Rivette whilst taking the plaudits for the auteur theory, exaggerated the significance of the theory so as to establish personal expression as one of the primary values in Nouvelle Vague films. Several theorists have also raised doubts as to the significance of the auteur. Foulcault and Roland Barthes suggest that all creative ideas are moulded by the social and political forces that surround us. They go on to state that ideas are contrived from the knowledge that one has gained from past experiences. If one puts this in the context of Godards films it would suggest that Godards cinematic ideas and techniques were influenced by what he has learnt from past experiences. An example of this can be seen in his indirect use of Brechtian distanciation. Whilst it is evident that he was inspired by Brechts idea of alienating the audience to prevent them from being passive observers can one really claim that Godards cinematic techniques were not the result of Brechts indirect influence? Furthermore, when analysing many of Godards films, Godard refers to several quotes from the likes of William Faulkner and Edgar Poe. These are quotes which could have been easily edited but instead Godard taste for quotation suggests that he is not the primary and shaping force in his films. Language One of Godards obsessions as a director was his use of language and his belief that words could represent anything. Whether his characters are just mouthing words or when they say one thing and then immediately contradict it, it exhibits his desire to become a writer through his films. In doing this he is challenging the use of words and at the same time expressing his desire to be an author, similar to that of being a novelist or playwright. He wants to aspire to the status of being a writer as though cinema is some sort of parvenu that can find legitimacy by talking about poetry of cinema and therefore elevating it to that status. Godard therefore investigated how meaningful words can express the way you feel, through his use of subtitles, language through signs and translation. Vivre sa Vie is a good example of this as the characters speak different languages and therefore need an intermediary, Francesca to put their views across. Furthermore, in one of the final scenes of Le Mepris Camille and Jerry, despite not speaking the same language use signs to express their thoughts. Camille states that she likes to type by gesturing her fingers typing on an imaginary typewriter and Jerry who gestures his reaction to this with his hands stating that she is crazy. One could also suggest that Godard is expressing his own views through the use of language. In certain scenes of Vivre sa Vie it almost appears as if Godard is either articulating his opinions through voiceovers or, uses the characters as mouth pieces of his thoughts. When Nana speaks to the philosopher she says that we are all responsible for our actions, we are free, I am responsible (which she repeats five times)you only have to take an interest in things, things are what they are, life is life. Furthermore, in the scene when Raoul reads an extract of Edward Poes bookwhich is in fact Godard doing a voiceover. This Godard style is also a very good alienating technique, as whether he is speaking implicitly or explicitly he is constantly reminding the viewer that he is making a film of which he is the director. So you are therefore never able to simply surrender to the naturalistic credibility of the language in films which was the case in conventional cinema. Rather he is deliberately making the viewer aware of the film making process.